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A client with recent stroke can understand the language but answers with incorrect words. Which communication problem is presenting?
- A. Aphasia
- B. Apraxia
- C. Dysarthria
- D. Dysphagia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-stroke, understanding language but using wrong words is aphasia, not apraxia, dysarthria, or dysphagia. Aphasia disrupts expression e.g., saying cat' for dog' while apraxia affects motor planning, dysarthria slurs speech, and dysphagia impairs swallowing. Leadership recognizes this imagine a frustrated patient; identifying aphasia guides therapy, enhancing recovery. This reflects nursing's role in neurological assessment, ensuring accurate communication support effectively.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery and has a nasogastric (NG) tube to low intermittent suction. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Absence of bowel sounds
- B. NG tube output of 200 mL in 4 hours
- C. Abdominal distension
- D. Gastric residual of 50 mL
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-abdominal surgery, an NG tube to low intermittent suction decompresses the stomach, aiding recovery. Absence of bowel sounds indicates ileus paralysis of intestinal motility a potential complication like obstruction or peritonitis, requiring provider notification for imaging or intervention. NG output of 200 mL in 4 hours (50 mL/hr) is expected, removing fluid or gas, while distension may occur but isn't urgent unless worsening with other signs. Gastric residual of 50 mL is minimal, not concerning with suction. Absent bowel sounds signal a critical deviation, demanding prompt reporting to prevent escalation, reflecting the nurse's role in vigilant postoperative monitoring.
When the group has reached socio-emotional maturity, which types of behaviors will predominate?
- A. Interpersonal behaviors
- B. Intrapersonal behaviors
- C. Task behaviors
- D. Relational behaviors
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Relational behaviors dominate maturity, unlike interpersonal, intrapersonal, or task. Nurse managers see this like support contrasting with early focus. It's key in healthcare for collaboration, aligning leadership with team strength.
What leadership style is used to maintain a strong control in the department?
- A. Laissez-faire
- B. Democratic
- C. Collegial
- D. Autocratic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autocratic style enforces strong control, unlike laissez-faire, democratic, or collegial. Nurse managers like mandating protocols use this, contrasting with participative approaches. It's key in healthcare for order, though it may limit input, aligning leadership with authority in high-stakes settings.
Client's potassium is $7.0 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{dL}$. Which prescription should the nurse administer first?
- A. Calcium gluconate IV
- B. Sodium polystyrene enema
- C. Spironolactone oral
- D. Dextrose 10\% IV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: With potassium at 7.0 mEq/dL, calcium gluconate IV goes first, not polystyrene, spironolactone, or dextrose. Hyperkalemia risks arrhythmias calcium stabilizes cardiac membranes fast, buying time. Polystyrene lowers potassium slowly, spironolactone's diuretic, and dextrose needs insulin. Leadership acts here imagine peaked T-waves; calcium prevents arrest, ensuring safety. This reflects nursing's emergency prioritization, aligning with cardiac stability effectively.
Which describes an informal leader?
- A. Competencies and continuing education
- B. The leader of the team because of years of experience in the department
- C. The nurse has the responsibility for giving nursing care to the client from admission until discharge
- D. A team leader has the task of coordinating the total care of a group of patients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Informal leaders arise from experience, unlike competencies, care duty, or formal roles. Nurse managers like veteran RNs value these, contrasting with titles. They're key in healthcare for influence, aligning leadership with organic guidance.