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A client with terminal cancer is being referred to hospice services to assist with care of the client and the family in the home environment. What type of care does the nurse determine this is?
- A. Primary care
- B. Secondary care
- C. Tertiary care
- D. Acute care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary care focuses more on complex medical and surgical interventions, cancer care, rehabilitative services, long-term care such as burn care, and palliative and hospice care. This client is terminally ill and being referred for hospice service. Secondary care includes referrals to facilities for additional testing such as cardiac catheterization, consultation, and diagnosis as well as emergency and acute care interventions. The client does not fall into the acute care category. Primary care would include being seen by the client's primary physician.
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The nurse is aware of the various changes in the healthcare field. What important factor remains the same in this time of change?
- A. Nurses must provide safe, high-quality, cost-effective care to individuals, families, and communities.
- B. Nurses must inform clients that they will have to use facilities that are within their service area.
- C. Clients must become actively involved in the process of standardizing care.
- D. Nurses will have to work in unsafe conditions in order to provide care to clients.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the midst of these dramatic changes and challenges, nurses must continue to provide safe, high-quality, cost-effective care to individuals, families, and communities. It is also imperative that nurses distinguish and communicate to clients the various choices that the clients may make about their healthcare. Clients have a choice as to location of care providers and are not limited to local facilities. Clients are not involved in standardizing care; this is a healthcare provider function. Nurses will not have to work in unsafe conditions in order to provide care to clients.
After hip surgery, a client is admitted to the rehabilitation hospital. What type of care is the client receiving?
- A. Secondary
- B. Tertiary
- C. Rehabilitation
- D. Primary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hospitals where specialized technology is available provide tertiary care. Primary care is the initial contact that a client has, such as an appointment with a family practitioner. Secondary care includes referrals for additional testing. Rehabilitation is aimed at restoring a people to their fullest abilities.
The hospital is having a problem with healthcare-associated infections. A committee has been established to study the problem and make recommendations. The nurse working on the committee knows that this work addresses what?
- A. Inpatient quality indicators
- B. Prevention quality indicators
- C. National Patient Safety Goals
- D. Patient safety indicators
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Joint Commission has established National Patient Safety Goals that are updated annually. These safety goals have changed how patients are identified and prevent adverse effects. Some of the 2016 goals include reducing the risk of healthcare-associated infections. Patient safety indicators reflect the quality of care in hospitals but focus on potentially avoidable complications. Prevention indicators identify hospital admissions that could be avoided through high-quality outpatient care. Inpatient indicators reflect quality of care inside the hospital.
The nurse is assisting with the development of a program to administer flu shots to a group of senior citizens. What type of prevention does this program reflect?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Prevalence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary prevention is prevention of the development of disease in a susceptible or potentially susceptible population and includes health promotion and immunization. Secondary prevention is the early diagnosis and treatment to shorten duration and severity of an illness, reduce contagion, and limit complications. Tertiary prevention is healthcare to limit the degree of disability or promote rehabilitation in chronic, irreversible diseases. Prevalence is the number of cases of a disease in a specific population during a specific period.
A group insurance plan requires a client to pay a present, fixed fee for healthcare services. What type of insurance plan does the nurse understand the client to have?
- A. A preferred provider organization (PPO)
- B. A health maintenance organization (HMO)
- C. Medicare
- D. Medicaid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An HMO is a group insurance plan in which participants pay a preset, fixed fee in exchange for healthcare services. The fee is not based on the number of services provided but rather is projected to the number of participants and expected services. A PPO operates on the principle that competition can control costs. Acting as agents for health insurance companies, PPOs create a community network of providers who are willing to discount their fees for service in exchange for a steady stream of referred customers. Medicare is for people that are age 65 years and older or disabled. Medicaid is coverage for those clients who are unable to afford healthcare.