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The nurse is leading a cardiac rehabilitation support group. How can the nurse best demonstrate meeting the client's needs holistically?
- A. Lead an exercise, show a video about healthy lifestyle changes, and invite a spiritual leader to talk with the group.
- B. Have the clients share various healthy low-cholesterol recipes and participate in a cooking class.
- C. Have the clients discuss ways to relieve stress and practice stress reduction.
- D. Demonstrate low-impact aerobic exercise to the group and bring in a lecturer on Tai Chi.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nurses practice from the perspective of holism, which is viewing a person's health as a state balance between body, mind, and spirit. Leading an exercise, showing a video about healthy lifestyle changes, and inviting a spiritual leader to talk with the support group are all ways the nurse can meet the clients' needs holistically. By combining these activities, the nurse addresses the needs of the body, mind, and spirit. Cooking classes, having clients discuss stress reduction, and demonstrating exercise techniques are each only addressing one type of need, and therefore are not on their own holistic methods.
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After hip surgery, a client is admitted to the rehabilitation hospital. What type of care is the client receiving?
- A. Secondary
- B. Tertiary
- C. Rehabilitation
- D. Primary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hospitals where specialized technology is available provide tertiary care. Primary care is the initial contact that a client has, such as an appointment with a family practitioner. Secondary care includes referrals for additional testing. Rehabilitation is aimed at restoring a people to their fullest abilities.
In an effort to cut costs, hospitals have instituted many changes. Which of these cost-cutting factors is most likely to jeopardize the quality of care?
- A. Using unlicensed assistive personnel
- B. Increasing numbers of clients in hospitals
- C. Not devoting enough time to the client
- D. The rise of medical care costs in healthcare systems
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hospitals are using unlicensed assistive personnel to perform some duties practical and registered nurses once provided. Many are concerned that the use of unlicensed assistive personnel will jeopardize the quality of care. Increasing numbers of clients in hospitals, not devoting enough time to the client, or the rise of medical costs are less likely to jeopardize the quality of care.
What does the nurse understand is the focus of healthcare when a client receives services from a health maintenance organization (HMO)?
- A. Avoiding coverage for needed services
- B. Health promotion and maintenance
- C. To offer discounted services to all patients
- D. High-quality service and contain cost
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: If the HMO does not require much high-cost care, providers make money; if members use many high-cost resources, providers lose money. This method of financing provides the strongest incentives for limiting use of expensive services and focusing healthcare on health maintenance and promotion. If services such as diagnostic testing are required, the HMO will cover this and not avoid payment. Services are not discounted for patients that are nonmembers or members. The goals of a physician hospital organization (PHO) are to maintain high-quality service and contain costs while fostering group contracts, collaboration, and capitation.
The nurse is aware of the various changes in the healthcare field. What important factor remains the same in this time of change?
- A. Nurses must provide safe, high-quality, cost-effective care to individuals, families, and communities.
- B. Nurses must inform clients that they will have to use facilities that are within their service area.
- C. Clients must become actively involved in the process of standardizing care.
- D. Nurses will have to work in unsafe conditions in order to provide care to clients.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the midst of these dramatic changes and challenges, nurses must continue to provide safe, high-quality, cost-effective care to individuals, families, and communities. It is also imperative that nurses distinguish and communicate to clients the various choices that the clients may make about their healthcare. Clients have a choice as to location of care providers and are not limited to local facilities. Clients are not involved in standardizing care; this is a healthcare provider function. Nurses will not have to work in unsafe conditions in order to provide care to clients.
A 65-year-old client is prescribed multiple medications for diabetes, hypertension, and angina and is going to the pharmacy to have the prescriptions filled. What coverage will the client use to assist with financial coverage of the medication?
- A. Medicare Part A
- B. Medicare Part B
- C. Medicare Part C
- D. Medicare Part D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medicare Part D is Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage and helps to cover and possibly reduce prescription drug costs and protect against catastrophic drug expenses. Medicare Part A covers hospital care, skilled care, hospice, and home health services. Medicare Part B covers medically necessary services such as physician services that are not covered under Part A. Medicare Part C is the Medicare Advantage Plan and includes Parts A and B.