Nokea
A client with uterine cancer asks the nurse, "Which is the most common type of cancer in women?" The nurse replies that it's breast cancer. Which type of cancer causes the most deaths in women?
- A. Breast cancer
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Brain cancer
- D. Colon and rectal cancer
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lung cancer causes the most deaths in women. Despite breast cancer being the most common type of cancer in women, lung cancer is responsible for the highest number of deaths among women due to factors such as smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, and other environmental factors. It is crucial for women to be aware of the risks associated with lung cancer, even if they are non-smokers, and to take steps to reduce their risk factors through lifestyle changes and early detection methods.
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You are evaluating a 6-mo-old girl with a firm right suprarenal mass. Histologically, there is no bony involvement, 10% bone marrow involvement, subcutaneous nodules involvement, and massive abdominal mass. The N-myc oncogene is not amplified. According to the international neuroblastoma staging system, the infant is stratified as
- A. stage I
- B. stage II A
- C. stage III
- D. stage IV S
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Stage IV S refers to infants <1 year with localized primary tumor, distant metastases limited to liver, skin, or bone marrow (with <10% involvement), and no amplification of N-myc.
A nurse is preparing to administer an oral iron supplement to a hospitalized infant. Which should not be given simultaneously with the iron supplement?
- A. Milk
- B. Multivitamin
- C. Fruit juice
- D. Meat, fish, poultry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Milk should not be given simultaneously with an oral iron supplement because calcium in milk can interfere with the absorption of iron. Calcium competes with iron for absorption in the digestive tract, thereby reducing the absorption of iron when both are taken together. It is advisable to wait at least 1-2 hours after giving the iron supplement before offering milk to ensure optimal absorption of iron. This is a common practice to improve iron absorption and prevent any potential decrease in the effectiveness of the iron supplement.
The nurse should include which of the following in preprocedure teaching for a patient scheduled for carotid angiography?
- A. "You will be put to sleep before the needle Is inserted."
- B. "The test will take several hours."
- C. "You may fee! a burning sensation when the dye is injected."
- D. "There will be no complications."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important for the nurse to include in preprocedure teaching for a patient scheduled for carotid angiography the information that the patient may feel a burning sensation when the dye is injected. This information helps prepare the patient for a common sensation during the procedure, reducing anxiety and promoting patient understanding and cooperation. Providing this education enhances the patient's overall experience and enables them to better cope with the procedure. The other options are not accurate or complete in providing necessary preprocedure information for the patient.
Which of the ff nursing interventions is taken as a precautionary measure if shock develops when a client with a spinal cord injury is hospitalized?
- A. An IV line is inserted to provide access to a vein
- B. The head and back are immobilized mechanically with a cervical collar and back support
- C. Traction with weights and pulleys is applied
- D. A turning frame is used EMERGENCY AND DISASTER NURSING SITUATION: A group of high school teenagers went camping to Sohoton this summer for one week. You are the nurse assigned to this camp. For the first three days, you were busy with several emergencies.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a hospital setting, if shock develops in a client with a spinal cord injury, one of the initial nursing interventions as a precautionary measure is to establish intravenous access by inserting an IV line. This is important for administering fluids, medications, and blood products promptly to help stabilize the client's condition. IV access is crucial in managing shock to ensure proper fluid resuscitation and support the circulatory system to maintain adequate perfusion to vital organs. It also allows for continuous monitoring of the client's hemodynamic status, electrolyte levels, and responses to interventions. Therefore, inserting an IV line is a critical nursing intervention in addressing shock in clients with spinal cord injuries to promote timely and effective management.
The nurse is reviewing the medication history of a new preoperative patient who is nil by mouth (NPO). The nurse notes that the patient has been on long-term oral steroid therapy. The nurse understands that which of the following is the reason that steroids cannot be abruptly stopped?
- A. Higher steroid levels are needed during
- B. Malignant hypertension will occur.
- C. Respiratory failure will result.
- D. Malignant hyperthermia will result.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Steroids should not be abruptly stopped, especially in patients on long-term therapy, because higher steroid levels are needed during stress. Abruptly stopping steroids can lead to adrenal insufficiency and a life-threatening condition called adrenal crisis. Patients undergoing surgery or experiencing significant stress require higher doses of steroids to prevent adrenal crisis. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor and adjust steroid doses accordingly during stressful situations such as surgery.