Nokea
A clinical indicator of inflammation is:
- A. Decreased concentration of C3b
- B. Increased concentration of C-reactive protein
- C. Decreased concentration of MBL
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased concentration of C-reactive protein. This is because C-reactive protein is a well-established clinical indicator of inflammation, produced by the liver in response to inflammation. Choice A is incorrect because a decreased concentration of C3b is not a typical indicator of inflammation. Choice C is incorrect because mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an acute-phase reactant that increases in response to inflammation, so a decreased concentration of MBL would not be indicative of inflammation. Choice D is incorrect as it includes all options, but only B is a valid clinical indicator of inflammation.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is a significant consequence of the evolutionary arms race between hosts and pathogens?
- A. Pathogens evolve slower than hosts
- B. Hosts develop epigenetic changes for immune adaptation
- C. Mutations in hosts always outpace pathogen evolution
- D. Hosts and pathogens remain static in their interactions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hosts developing epigenetic changes for immune adaptation is a significant consequence of the evolutionary arms race between hosts and pathogens. This adaptation allows hosts to better defend against evolving pathogens over time. This process is dynamic, as both hosts and pathogens continuously evolve in response to each other.
Choice A is incorrect because pathogens can evolve rapidly to adapt to host defenses. Choice C is incorrect because while hosts may have mutations that provide advantages, pathogens can also evolve to overcome host defenses. Choice D is incorrect as the interaction between hosts and pathogens is characterized by constant adaptation and change, not remaining static.
A client calls the clinic to report exposure to poison ivy and an itchy rash that is not helped with over-the-counter antihistamines. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Antihistamines do not help poison ivy.
- B. There are different antihistamines to try.
- C. You should be seen in the clinic right away.
- D. You will need to take some IV steroids.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "You should be seen in the clinic right away." This response is appropriate because poison ivy rashes can worsen and may require prescription medications like corticosteroids. Seeing a healthcare provider ensures proper diagnosis and treatment.
A: "Antihistamines do not help poison ivy." - Incorrect, as antihistamines may provide some relief for itching but are not the primary treatment for poison ivy rashes.
B: "There are different antihistamines to try." - Incorrect, as trying different antihistamines may not address the underlying issue of poison ivy exposure.
D: "You will need to take some IV steroids." - Incorrect, as IV steroids are typically reserved for severe cases and should be prescribed by a healthcare provider after evaluation.
In a patient with a positive Chvostek’s sign, the nurse would anticipate the IV administration of which medication?
- A. Calcitonin
- B. Vitamin D
- C. Loop diuretics
- D. Calcium gluconate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chvostek’s sign indicates hypocalcemia, so calcium gluconate is administered to restore normal calcium levels.
Tropism is a phenomenon by which
- A. plants response to stimulation
- B. reducing lateral branching
- C. Affected by the length of the day and night
- D. All above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: plants response to stimulation. Tropism refers to the growth or movement of an organism in response to a stimulus. Plants exhibit tropisms such as phototropism (response to light) and geotropism (response to gravity). This choice accurately defines the phenomenon.
Choice B is incorrect because reducing lateral branching is not a defining characteristic of tropism.
Choice C is incorrect because the length of day and night does not directly relate to tropism.
Choice D is incorrect because not all options listed are characteristics of tropism.
In a patient with a CD4 count less than 200, the most important nursing assessment would include:
- A. Bowel movements.
- B. Urinary output.
- C. Fever.
- D. Blood pressure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A CD4 count below 200 indicates advanced HIV infection (AIDS), making the patient highly susceptible to opportunistic infections. Fever is a key sign of infection and requires immediate attention. Bowel movements and urinary output are less urgent priorities in this context.