Nokea
A CNM:
- A. may treat only women.
- B. has prescriptive authority in all 50 states.
- C. may administer only drugs used during labor and delivery.
- D. may practice only in birthing centers and home birth settings.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because CNMs have prescriptive authority in all 50 states. Choice A is incorrect as they can treat partners for STDs. Choice C is wrong since their authority isn’t limited to labor drugs. Choice D is inaccurate as they practice in various settings.
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Over-the-counter drugs that are safe to use include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Aspirin
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen are safe OTC options for pain/fever when used per guidelines, with well-established profiles. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one drug. Choice B is wrong by itself because aspirin is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since ibuprofen is only one option.
Immunomodulators such as azathioprine may cause a delayed adverse drug reaction known as a type D reaction because they are known:
- A. Teratogens
- B. Carcinogens
- C. To cause hypersensitivity reactions
- D. Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis suppressants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because azathioprine's type D ADR (delayed) relates to its carcinogenic potential, like leukemia, emerging years after use. Choice A is incorrect as teratogenicity is a separate risk, not type D's focus. Choice C is wrong because hypersensitivity is type B, not delayed. Choice D is incorrect since it suppresses immunity, not the HPA axis directly.
Risk factors for drug abuse include:
- A. Family history of addiction
- B. Mental health disorders
- C. Peer pressure
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because family history (genetic predisposition), mental health issues (self-medication), and peer pressure (social influence) are all established risk factors, per SAMHSA. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one factor. Choice B is wrong by itself because mental health is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since pressure is only one element.
Drugs that may cause anticholinergic effects include:
- A. Diphenhydramine
- B. Atenolol
- C. Lisinopril
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because diphenhydramine has strong anticholinergic effects (e.g., confusion, dry mouth), risky in the elderly, per Beers Criteria. Choice B is incorrect as atenolol (beta blocker) lacks anticholinergic action. Choice C is wrong because lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) doesn't affect cholinergic systems. Choice D is incorrect since only diphenhydramine applies.
Drugs that should be avoided in the elderly include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Amitriptyline
- C. Amoxicillin
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is avoided in the elderly (per Beers Criteria) due to anticholinergic effects causing confusion, constipation, and falls. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen is safe. Choice C is wrong because amoxicillin is appropriate with dose adjustment. Choice D is incorrect since only amitriptyline fits.