Nokea
A community health clinic nurse manager is reviewing the incidence rate of chlamydia in the state. In a given year, 3,144 new cases were reported, and the population was estimated at 325,986. Which of the following is the incidence rate in the state for the year?
- A. About 300 reported cases per 100,000 population
- B. About 1 reported case per 10,000 population
- C. About 10 reported cases per 1,000 population
- D. About 3 reported cases per 10,000 population
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: About 300 reported cases per 100,000 population. To calculate the incidence rate, you divide the number of new cases by the total population, then multiply by the desired unit of measure (per 100,000). In this case, (3,144/325,986) * 100,000 = 964.5 cases per 100,000 population. Therefore, the answer is approximately 300 reported cases per 100,000 population. Choice B is incorrect as it would be 31.44 cases per 10,000 population. Choice C would result in 3.144 cases per 1,000 population. Choice D would yield 31.44 cases per 10,000 population.
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A nurse is counseling a client who is to undergo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing for HIV. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. The test monitors progression of the disease
- B. The test measures antibodies to the virus
- C. The test results are accurate 24 hr after exposure to the virus
- D. A positive result requires initiating immunoglobulin administration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because ELISA testing for HIV measures antibodies to the virus, indicating exposure to the virus. This is crucial for diagnosing HIV infection. Choice A is incorrect because ELISA does not monitor disease progression. Choice C is incorrect as it takes weeks, not hours, for accurate results post-exposure. Choice D is incorrect as immunoglobulin administration is not the treatment for a positive HIV result.
A client who has diabetes mellitus asks a home health nurse to help her adapt some of her traditional cultural foods to fit her meal plan. Which of the following is the first action the nurse should take when assisting this client?
- A. Provide the client with a printed recipe
- B. Observe the client during preparation of traditional foods
- C. Use cookbooks to include traditional foods in meal plans
- D. Explain the diabetes exchange list
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Observing the client during the preparation of traditional foods allows the nurse to understand the client's current cooking practices, ingredients used, and portion sizes. This information is crucial in determining how to modify the traditional foods to fit the client's meal plan. Providing a printed recipe (A) may not consider the client's cultural preferences or cooking methods. Using cookbooks (C) may not align with the client's traditional foods or cooking techniques. Explaining the diabetes exchange list (D) is important but should come after understanding the client's current food habits.
A nurse is caring for a client who is homeless. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Determine the client's understanding of her living situation
- B. Assist the client to develop goals for obtaining shelter
- C. Discuss the risks of being homeless with the client
- D. Develop client teaching using a variety of strategies
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Determine the client's understanding of her living situation. This is the first step because it allows the nurse to assess the client's current situation and needs. Understanding the client's perspective is crucial for providing effective care and support. Assisting the client in developing goals (B) or discussing risks (C) should come after understanding the client's current situation. Developing client teaching (D) is important but should be based on the client's understanding and needs, which is why it comes after assessing their understanding.
A nurse is providing teaching to a 50-year-old female client. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should have a complete eye examination every 2 years until the age of 64
- B. You should have your hearing screened every 5 years
- C. You should have your stool tested for blood every other year until the age of 74
- D. You should have your fasting blood glucose level checked every 6 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - You should have a complete eye examination every 2 years until the age of 64.
Rationale: Regular eye exams help detect common eye conditions such as glaucoma and cataracts early, especially as people age. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends eye exams every 2 years for adults aged 40-64. This statement is important for the client's eye health maintenance.
Summary of other choices:
B: Incorrect - Hearing screenings are typically recommended annually for adults over 50, not every 5 years.
C: Incorrect - Stool tests for blood are usually done every year, not every other year until the age of 74, to screen for colorectal cancer.
D: Incorrect - Fasting blood glucose levels should be checked more frequently, at least every 3 years, for early detection of diabetes.
A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty performing activities of daily living. The nurse is functioning in which of the following roles when arranging for an occupational therapist to visit the client?
- A. Administrator
- B. Nurse consultant
- C. Case manager
- D. Clinician
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Case manager. In this scenario, the nurse is functioning as a case manager by coordinating and arranging for the occupational therapist to visit the client. A case manager is responsible for coordinating care services and resources for clients to meet their healthcare needs. A nurse consultant (B) provides expert advice and guidance but does not typically coordinate services like a case manager. An administrator (A) is in charge of managing the overall operations of a healthcare facility. A clinician (D) directly provides healthcare services to clients. In this situation, the nurse is not assuming these roles but rather acting as a case manager to ensure the client receives the necessary occupational therapy services.