Nokea
A community health clinic nurse manager is reviewing the incidence rate of chlamydia in the state. In a given year, 3,144 new cases were reported, and the population was estimated at 325,986. Which of the following is the incidence rate in the state for the year?
- A. About 300 reported cases per 100,000 population
- B. About 1 reported case per 10,000 population
- C. About 10 reported cases per 1,000 population
- D. About 3 reported cases per 10,000 population
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: About 300 reported cases per 100,000 population. To calculate the incidence rate, you divide the number of new cases by the total population, then multiply by the desired unit of measure (per 100,000). In this case, (3,144/325,986) * 100,000 = 964.5 cases per 100,000 population. Therefore, the answer is approximately 300 reported cases per 100,000 population. Choice B is incorrect as it would be 31.44 cases per 10,000 population. Choice C would result in 3.144 cases per 1,000 population. Choice D would yield 31.44 cases per 10,000 population.
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A nurse in a mobile health clinic is caring for a client who requires a tetanus immunization and is accompanied by his daughter. The client does not speak the same language as the nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Have the client's daughter communicate information about the procedure
- B. Arrange for a member of the client's community to interpret the teaching
- C. Identify the client's spoken dialect prior to contacting an interpreter
- D. Use professional terminology when providing education prior to the procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identify the client's spoken dialect prior to contacting an interpreter. This is the most appropriate action because it ensures effective communication by matching the client with an interpreter who speaks the same dialect. This step shows cultural sensitivity and respects the client's language preference, promoting trust and understanding.
Other choices are incorrect:
A: Having the client's daughter communicate may not guarantee accurate information exchange due to potential language barriers.
B: Arranging for a community member to interpret may not ensure confidentiality or accuracy in communication.
D: Using professional terminology without ensuring understanding may lead to confusion and hinder effective communication.
A public health nurse is responding to a suspected anthrax exposure at a workplace. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Alert the family members of coworkers about possible exposure to anthrax
- B. Place the employee under quarantine for 14 days
- C. Refer coworkers who might have been exposed to a provider for prophylactic antibiotics
- D. Instruct the client to wear a mask at work
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the public health nurse is to refer coworkers who might have been exposed to a provider for prophylactic antibiotics (Choice C). This is because prophylactic antibiotics can help prevent the development of anthrax infection after exposure. Alerting family members (Choice A) is unnecessary as the focus should be on the exposed individuals. Quarantine (Choice B) may not be necessary if the individuals receive prophylactic treatment. Instructing the client to wear a mask (Choice D) is not effective in preventing anthrax transmission.
A nurse is planning a priority intervention to reduce obesity in the community. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Encourage enrollment and attendance at weight reduction programs
- B. Educate children at a daycare center about nutrition and exercise
- C. Distribute health risk appraisal questionnaires at community functions
- D. Measure the BMI of older adults at a community senior center
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Educate children at a daycare center about nutrition and exercise. This is the priority intervention because educating children about nutrition and exercise can help prevent obesity in the long term. By teaching healthy habits early on, the nurse can make a significant impact on reducing obesity rates in the community. Encouraging enrollment in weight reduction programs (A) may help individuals who are already obese but does not address prevention. Distributing health risk appraisal questionnaires (C) and measuring BMI of older adults (D) are important but not the priority for reducing obesity in the community.
A community health nurse is educating a parent about the importance of hepatitis B immunization. Which of the following explanations should the nurse give the parent about the disease?
- A. One dose of the immunization gives children lifelong protection from hepatitis B
- B. Hepatitis B spreads easily among children through casual contact
- C. Many people who acquire acute hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis
- D. People who have had a hepatitis B infection still need the immunization
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Many people who acquire acute hepatitis B develop chronic hepatitis. This explanation is important for the parent to understand the potential long-term consequences of hepatitis B infection. Acute hepatitis B can progress to chronic hepatitis in some cases, leading to liver damage and other complications. It highlights the seriousness of the disease and the importance of prevention through vaccination.
Choice A is incorrect because although hepatitis B vaccination provides long-lasting protection, it may not necessarily offer lifelong immunity. Choice B is incorrect as hepatitis B is primarily transmitted through exposure to infected blood or body fluids, not casual contact among children. Choice D is incorrect because prior infection does not confer complete immunity, so immunization is still recommended.
A nurse manager in a local community health agency is creating a job description for a new nurse who will practice community-oriented nursing. Which of the following should the nurse include in the job description? (Select all that apply)
- A. Investigate potential health and environmental issues
- B. Initiate support groups for parents of autistic children
- C. Provide wound care for clients in their homes
- D. Participate in local health surveillance activities
- E. Provide health-related education to community groups
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: The correct answer includes choices A, B, D, and E. Choice A is essential as investigating potential health and environmental issues is crucial in community-oriented nursing to identify and address health concerns. Choice B is important as initiating support groups for parents of autistic children promotes community well-being. Choice D is necessary as participating in local health surveillance activities helps in monitoring community health trends. Choice E is crucial as providing health-related education to community groups promotes health awareness and prevention. Choices C, F, and G are incorrect as they do not directly align with the scope of community-oriented nursing, which focuses on population-based care and health promotion rather than individual wound care or unspecified activities.