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A community health nurse has been visiting a postpartum client who suffered domestic violence throughout the pregnancy, and now the infant may be at risk. The nurse assisted the client in finding shelter and legal protection. The nurse's role and the conceptual framework involved are:
- A. change agent, according to Roy's adaptation model.
- B. translator, according to Leininger's theory of cultural care diversity and universality.
- C. case manager, according to Peplau's interpersonal relations model.
- D. caregiver, according to Rogers' science of unitary human beings.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: case manager, according to Peplau's interpersonal relations model. In this scenario, the nurse is coordinating resources and services for the client, which aligns with the role of a case manager. Peplau's model emphasizes the therapeutic relationship between the nurse and client, focusing on understanding the client's needs and providing support. The nurse in this situation is not just providing direct care (caregiver), advocating for change (change agent), or focusing solely on cultural aspects (translator). The nurse's role as a case manager involves addressing the client's complex needs, coordinating care, and advocating for the client's well-being, making it the most appropriate choice in this context.
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A client involved in a motor vehicle accident is blinded. The nurse helps the client obtain a guide dog so the client may continue grocery shopping and visiting friends and family. This enables the client to cope with the handicap and perform activities of daily living. Which nursing theory can be applied to this scenario?
- A. Watson's philosophy and science of caring and humanistic nursing
- B. Mishel's uncertainty in illness
- C. Orem's self-care deficit
- D. Rogers' science of unitary human beings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Watson's philosophy and science of caring and humanistic nursing. This theory emphasizes the importance of the nurse-client relationship, caring, and holistic care. In this scenario, obtaining a guide dog for the client reflects the nurse's caring actions to promote the client's independence and well-being. By helping the client cope with the handicap and continue daily activities, the nurse embodies the essence of caring and humanistic nursing.
Incorrect Choices:
B: Mishel's uncertainty in illness - This theory focuses on how individuals respond to uncertainty in illness situations, which does not directly apply to the scenario of obtaining a guide dog for a blinded client.
C: Orem's self-care deficit - This theory emphasizes the nurse's role in assisting clients with self-care activities when they are unable to do so independently. While related to the scenario, it does not capture the essence of caring and humanistic nursing demonstrated in the client's situation.
D: Rogers' science of unitary human beings - This
Nurses and community officials are working together to ensure that churches and schools have needed supplies to provide shelter for large numbers of individuals in the event of a natural or manmade disaster. These activities represent which phase of a disaster continuum?
- A. Preparedness
- B. Relief response
- C. Recovery
- D. Crisis intervention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Preparedness. In this scenario, nurses and community officials are proactively planning and organizing resources to be ready for a disaster. Preparedness involves activities such as training, drills, and stockpiling supplies to ensure an effective response. Relief response (B) occurs during or immediately after a disaster to provide immediate assistance. Recovery (C) focuses on restoring community infrastructure and services post-disaster. Crisis intervention (D) is a short-term, immediate response to individuals in distress. In this case, the focus is on prevention and readiness, fitting the preparedness phase.
The practice of public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement are credited to:
- A. Mary Breckenridge.
- B. Mary Seacole.
- C. Clara Barton.
- D. Lillian Wald.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Lillian Wald. Lillian Wald is credited with founding the Henry Street Settlement in New York City in 1893, which pioneered the practice of public health nursing in the United States. She emphasized the importance of providing healthcare services to underserved populations in their own communities. Mary Breckenridge, known for establishing the Frontier Nursing Service, is not associated with the Henry Street Settlement. Mary Seacole was a British-Jamaican nurse known for her work during the Crimean War, not for public health nursing in the US. Clara Barton is known for founding the American Red Cross, not the Henry Street Settlement. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Lillian Wald.
In February 2010, Congress passed legislation to support universal health care for all Americans. At a local health fair, an individual asks about the difference between universal health care and a single payer system. The nurse explains the difference is that:
- A. with universal health, one universal payer, usually the government, pays all expenses for health care.
- B. single-payer systems offer health care only to eligible persons based on income.
- C. single-payer systems rely on insurance companies to pay predetermined fees for services.
- D. with universal health, one payer is responsible for all health care costs, providing health care to all citizens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a universal health care system, one universal payer (often the government) is responsible for covering all health care expenses for all citizens. This means that everyone, regardless of income or eligibility, is covered under the same system.
Choice B is incorrect because a single-payer system does not necessarily limit health care access based on income; it simply means there is one entity responsible for paying health care costs.
Choice C is incorrect because single-payer systems do not rely on insurance companies to pay fees; instead, the single payer itself covers the costs directly.
Choice D is incorrect because it does not specify that the one payer in a universal health care system is usually the government, which is a key distinction in this context.
According to Kramer, nurses in the shock phase should ask themselves:
- A. "How can I fit in with other staff?"
- B. "Why can't I perform as everyone expects?"
- C. "What changes can I make to make me feel good about the choice to become a nurse?"
- D. "How can I get the rest of the staff to change?"
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because in the shock phase, nurses should focus on self-reflection and personal growth to cope effectively with the challenges. Asking what changes they can make to feel good about their career choice promotes self-awareness and resilience. Choices A and D focus on external factors, which may not address personal development. Choice B reflects a self-critical mindset, which can be detrimental to emotional well-being during the shock phase.