Nokea
A community health nurse is conducting a neighborhood discussion group about disaster planning. What information regarding transmission of anthrax should the nurse provide to the group?
- A. Infection is acquired when anthrax spores enter a host.
- B. Mature anthrax bacteria live dormant on inanimate objects.
- C. Spores cannot survive for extended periods outside a living host.
- D. Anthrax is transmitted by respiratory droplets from person to person.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Infection is acquired when anthrax spores enter a host. Anthrax is primarily transmitted through spores entering the body, either through the skin, inhalation, or ingestion. Person-to-person transmission of anthrax is extremely rare and not a significant mode of transmission. Choices B and C are incorrect because mature anthrax bacteria do not live dormant on inanimate objects, and spores can survive for extended periods outside a living host. Choice D is incorrect as anthrax is not transmitted by respiratory droplets from person to person.
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A community health nurse is planning a program to reduce the incidence of heart disease in the community. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Distributing educational materials on heart-healthy diets
- B. Organizing free cholesterol screenings
- C. Holding workshops on stress management
- D. Partnering with local gyms to offer fitness classes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Organizing free cholesterol screenings. This intervention is crucial because it helps identify individuals at risk for heart disease by assessing their cholesterol levels. High cholesterol is a significant risk factor for heart disease, and identifying it early can lead to timely interventions and medical care. Choices A, C, and D, while beneficial for overall health, may not directly address the specific risk factor of high cholesterol associated with heart disease. Distributing educational materials on heart-healthy diets (A) could be helpful in preventing heart disease, but identifying individuals already at risk is a more urgent need. Holding workshops on stress management (C) and partnering with local gyms for fitness classes (D) are important for overall health promotion but may not target the specific risk factor of high cholesterol as directly as organizing cholesterol screenings.
The nurse is teaching a group of high school adolescents about safety associated with traumatic injuries. Which factor causing spinal cord injuries should the nurse discuss with the adolescents?
- A. motor vehicle accidents
- B. violent assault
- C. sports injuries
- D. falls
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: motor vehicle accidents. Motor vehicle accidents are a significant cause of spinal cord injuries among adolescents due to the high impact forces involved. While violent assault, sports injuries, and falls can also lead to spinal cord injuries, statistics show that motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause in this age group. Educating adolescents about the risks and preventive measures related to motor vehicle accidents is crucial in promoting their safety and well-being.
The nurse is planning a health education program for 10-year-olds. Which setting is most likely to increase the preadolescents' participation in the program?
- A. the school classroom
- B. community center
- C. home of one of the children
- D. a local place of worship
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The school classroom is the most suitable setting to increase preadolescents' participation in a health education program. At the age of 10, children are accustomed to the school environment, making it familiar and comfortable for them. This familiarity can help reduce anxiety and increase engagement during the program. Community centers may be less familiar and could pose distractions, potentially reducing participation. Conducting the program at the home of one of the children may lead to unequal access for other participants and may not provide the necessary facilities for an educational session. A local place of worship may not be perceived as a neutral or suitable environment for a health education program, potentially hindering participation.
The healthcare provider is caring for a client with a chest tube. Which observation indicates that the chest tube is functioning properly?
- A. Continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber.
- B. No fluctuation (tidaling) in the water-seal chamber.
- C. Intermittent bubbling in the suction control chamber.
- D. Drainage of clear, pale yellow fluid from the chest tube.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The drainage of clear, pale yellow fluid from the chest tube is an indication of proper chest tube functioning. Clear, pale yellow fluid signifies normal drainage from the pleural space without any signs of infection or complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because continuous bubbling in the water-seal chamber, no fluctuation in the water-seal chamber, and intermittent bubbling in the suction control chamber are all indications of potential issues or malfunctioning of the chest tube system, which would require further assessment and intervention.
A client with a history of coronary artery disease is admitted with chest pain. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute.
- B. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute.
- C. Blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg.
- D. Chest pain radiating to the left arm.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chest pain radiating to the left arm is a classic symptom of a myocardial infarction (heart attack) in individuals with coronary artery disease. This finding indicates that the heart muscle may not be receiving adequate oxygen, which requires immediate intervention to prevent further damage or complications. The other assessment findings (heart rate of 90 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, blood pressure of 130/80 mm Hg) are within normal limits and do not suggest an acute, life-threatening condition like myocardial infarction.