Nokea
A community health nurse is developing a program to decrease the incidence of Type 2 diabetes in the community. Which of the following interventions should be included?
- A. distributing brochures on managing diabetes
- B. conducting exercise classes at the community center
- C. providing free glucose monitors
- D. offering dietary counseling sessions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: conducting exercise classes at the community center. Regular physical activity plays a crucial role in preventing Type 2 diabetes by helping to maintain a healthy weight, improve insulin sensitivity, and regulate blood sugar levels. Distributing brochures (choice A) may raise awareness but might not lead to significant behavior change. Providing free glucose monitors (choice C) focuses on monitoring rather than prevention. Offering dietary counseling sessions (choice D) is important but focusing solely on diet may not address the comprehensive approach needed to prevent Type 2 diabetes.
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Which of the following measures the proportion of the population that exhibits a particular disease at a particular time and includes both new and old cases?
- A. proportionate morbidity rate
- B. case fatality rate
- C. incidence ratio
- D. prevalence ratio
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, prevalence ratio. Prevalence ratio measures the proportion of the population with a particular disease at a specific time, including both new and existing cases. Choice A, proportionate morbidity rate, is not a standard term and might confuse students. Choice B, case fatality rate, measures the proportion of deaths from a specific disease compared to the total number of cases but does not include both new and old cases. Choice C, incidence ratio, measures the rate of new cases of a disease in a specific population over a defined period, not considering existing cases.
Which family planning method is not advisable for women with extremely irregular menstrual periods?
- A. oral contraceptives
- B. diaphragm
- C. natural family planning
- D. vaginal contraceptives
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Natural family planning relies on tracking menstrual cycles to determine fertile days for avoiding or achieving pregnancy. It may not be suitable for women with extremely irregular menstrual periods as it can be challenging to predict fertile days accurately. Oral contraceptives (A), diaphragms (B), and vaginal contraceptives (D) do not rely on regular menstrual cycles for their effectiveness, making them more suitable options for women with irregular periods.
In the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in a 2-month-old infant, which nursing approach should be the priority?
- A. Remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision
- B. Initiate oral feedings when alert
- C. Introduce the parents to the suture line cleansing protocol
- D. Position the infant on the back after feedings throughout the day
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct nursing approach in the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair in an infant is to remove protective arm devices one at a time for short periods with supervision. This approach helps prevent injury to the surgical site while ensuring the infant's comfort and safety. Choice B is incorrect as initiating oral feedings immediately after surgery may not be appropriate and could compromise the surgical site. Choice C is incorrect as introducing parents to the suture line cleansing protocol is important but not the immediate priority. Choice D is incorrect as positioning the infant on the back after feedings is not specific to the immediate postoperative period for a cleft lip repair.
As a supervisor, you plan to conduct a seminar in response to the midwife's training need for skills in community diagnosis. Which is an appropriate method to use to enable midwives to apply the knowledge they will gain in actual practice?
- A. lecture
- B. problem-solving
- C. group discussion
- D. nominal group technique
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Problem-solving is an effective method to enable midwives to apply the knowledge gained in actual practice. By engaging in problem-solving activities during the seminar, midwives can enhance their critical thinking skills and directly apply the information to real-life scenarios they may encounter in community diagnosis.
Choice A (lecture) is less effective as it primarily involves passive listening and may not provide the hands-on experience needed for practical application. Choice C (group discussion) can be helpful for sharing perspectives but may not directly translate to practical application as problem-solving would. Choice D (nominal group technique) focuses more on generating ideas and reaching consensus rather than hands-on application of knowledge.
A nurse working in a community health setting is performing primary health screenings. Which individual is at highest risk for contracting an HIV infection?
- A. A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners.
- B. A 45-year-old lesbian who has been sexually active with two partners in the past year.
- C. A 30-year-old cocaine user who inhales the drug and works in a topless bar.
- D. A 34-year-old male homosexual who is in a monogamous relationship.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A 17-year-old who is sexually active with numerous partners is at the highest risk for contracting an HIV infection due to engaging in risky sexual behavior with multiple partners, increasing the likelihood of exposure to the virus. Choice B is less risky as the individual has had a relatively lower number of sexual partners in the past year. Choice C, although involving drug use, does not directly correlate with a higher risk of contracting HIV unless needles are shared. Choice D, a 34-year-old male homosexual in a monogamous relationship, has a lower risk compared to choice A as long as the relationship remains monogamous.