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A community health nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about descriptive analytics. The nurse recognizes that which of the following best describes the purpose of descriptive analytics in nursing?
- A. To predict future client's outcomes based on historical data
- B. To develop new treatment protocols based on client data
- C. To summarize and interpret historical client data to identify trends and patterns
- D. To provide real-time monitoring of client's vital signs
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Descriptive analytics in nursing aims to summarize and interpret historical client data to identify trends and patterns. This involves organizing and presenting data in a meaningful way to gain insights for decision-making. Predicting future outcomes (A) involves predictive analytics, not descriptive analytics. Developing new treatment protocols (B) is more related to evidence-based practice. Real-time monitoring of vital signs (D) falls under the realm of monitoring and surveillance, not descriptive analytics. In summary, choice C is correct as it aligns with the fundamental purpose of descriptive analytics in nursing.
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A nurse is providing education regarding biologic threats. When discussing anthrax, which of the following should be included as potential portals of entry? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
- A. Central nervous system
- B. Integumentary system
- C. Respiratory system
- D. Renal system
- E. Gastrointestinal system
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: The correct answer includes the integumentary system (B), respiratory system (C), and gastrointestinal system (E) as potential portals of entry for anthrax. Anthrax can enter the body through broken skin (integumentary system), inhalation of spores (respiratory system), or ingestion of contaminated food/water (gastrointestinal system). The central nervous system (A) and renal system (D) are not typical routes of entry for anthrax. Central nervous system is not a common portal for anthrax entry, and the renal system is not a primary site for anthrax spore invasion.
A nurse enters the room of a client and discovers the client with new right-sided weakness and slurred speech. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Administer thrombolytics
- B. Call for help
- C. Provide the client with water to test the gag reflex
- D. Perform carotid massage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action is to call for help (Choice B). This is because the client is displaying signs of a possible stroke, such as right-sided weakness and slurred speech. Time is critical in stroke management, and calling for help immediately can ensure the client receives prompt medical attention, such as a CT scan to confirm the diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Administering thrombolytics (Choice A) should only be done after a confirmed diagnosis to avoid potential harm. Providing water to test the gag reflex (Choice C) and performing carotid massage (Choice D) are not appropriate actions for a suspected stroke and could delay necessary interventions.
The nurse is creating an education plan for a client who has a recent diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the client's plan?
- A. Recommend the client engage in high-impact, vigorous exercises to improve muscle strength
- B. Teach the client stress management techniques such as deep breathing and meditation
- C. Advise the client to avoid social interactions to minimize stress
- D. Encourage the client to void every hour
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Teach the client stress management techniques such as deep breathing and meditation. This intervention is appropriate for a client with MS as stress can exacerbate symptoms. Deep breathing and meditation are proven techniques to reduce stress levels, promote relaxation, and improve overall well-being. By incorporating stress management techniques into the education plan, the nurse can help the client cope better with the emotional and physical challenges of living with MS.
Choice A is incorrect because high-impact, vigorous exercises can actually worsen symptoms and fatigue in clients with MS. Choice C is incorrect as social interactions can provide emotional support and should not be avoided. Choice D is incorrect as there is no specific indication for encouraging the client to void every hour in the context of MS.
A community health nurse is conducting an educational program on various environmental pollutants. The nurse should emphasize that clients who have which of the following disorders are especially vulnerable to ozone effects?
- A. Seasonal allergies
- B. Mitral valve disease
- C. Nasal polyps
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Asthma. Clients with asthma are especially vulnerable to the effects of ozone due to their compromised respiratory system. Ozone can trigger asthma symptoms and exacerbate respiratory distress in individuals with asthma. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways, making it more susceptible to damage from environmental pollutants like ozone. Seasonal allergies (A), mitral valve disease (B), and nasal polyps (C) are not directly related to respiratory function and therefore not as vulnerable to ozone effects. In summary, asthma is the correct answer because of its direct impact on the respiratory system, making individuals with asthma more susceptible to the harmful effects of ozone.
The nurse is providing education to a client who is newly diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Which client statements indicate the need for additional teaching? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
- A. I may experience urinary incontinence
- B. I should not exercise because this may trigger an exacerbation
- C. I need to check the water temperature before I take a bath
- D. I may experience visual disturbances
- E. I should alternate the eye patch every other day to help with the double vision
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Correct Answer: B, E
Rationale:
- Choice B is incorrect because exercise is beneficial for MS clients, improving strength and mood. Avoiding exercise is not recommended.
- Choice E is incorrect because alternating the eye patch can worsen double vision. Consistent use of the eye patch is more effective.
- Choices A, C, and D are correct statements that indicate proper understanding of MS symptoms and self-care.