Nokea
A compound called Bilirubin gives bile its colour. Where does it come from?
- A. It is a break down product of haemoglobin
- B. It is produced by the liver to help digestion
- C. It is the break down product of fats
- D. It is produced by the intestine to help digestion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bilirubin is a breakdown product of hemoglobin from red blood cells, processed by the liver and excreted in bile.
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Which of the following hormones is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from parietal cells during the gastric phase?
- A. Insulin
- B. Gastrin
- C. Glucagon
- D. Somatostatin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gastrin, released by G cells, stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl during the gastric phase of digestion.
C-shaped widest part of intestine
- A. Pancreas
- B. Liver
- C. Duodenum
- D. Thyroid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The duodenum is the C-shaped, widest part of the small intestine.
During swallowing food is prevented from being pushed up into the nasal cavity by:
- A. Hard palate
- B. Epiglottis
- C. Soft palate
- D. Tongue
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The soft palate elevates during swallowing to close off the nasopharynx, preventing food from entering the nasal cavity. The epiglottis prevents entry into the trachea.
Fungiform papillae appear as red spots on tongue surface because:
- A. Secondary papillae are covered by the same epithelial cap
- B. Fungiform papillae have no taste buds.
- C. Covered by pseudostratified epith.
- D. Its connective tissue contains Von Ebner's glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fungiform papillae appear red due to their thin epithelium and rich vascularity in the connective tissue, not because of secondary papillae structure.
Decreased levels of bile salts in the bile would interfere with digestion of:
- A. Fat
- B. Disaccharides
- C. Complex carbohydrates
- D. Protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bile salts emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets to facilitate digestion by lipase enzymes.