Nokea
A condition that often progresses to become type 2 diabetes mellitus is:
- A. type 1 diabetes mellitus
- B. high blood pressure
- C. chronic pancreatitis
- D. impaired glucose tolerance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Impaired glucose tolerance is a pre-diabetic state characterized by higher than normal blood sugar levels. It is often associated with insulin resistance and can progress to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Choice A) is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells, leading to a lack of insulin production. High blood pressure (Choice B) and chronic pancreatitis (Choice C) are not directly linked to the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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What is the most common type of kidney stone?
- A. Cystine
- B. Calcium
- C. Struvite
- D. Uric acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most common type of kidney stone is calcium-based, specifically calcium oxalate. This is usually due to high calcium levels in the urine, which can be caused by dietary factors or certain metabolic disorders. Cystine stones, on the other hand, are less common and occur in individuals with a hereditary disorder leading to excessive excretion of certain amino acids. Struvite stones are often formed in response to an infection. Uric acid stones may occur in individuals who do not consume sufficient fluids or who lose too much fluid, among other factors. Therefore, while all these substances can form stones in the kidneys, calcium stones are the most common.
Which of the following nutrients deficiency may lead to a diabetes-like condition?
- A. chromium
- B. iron
- C. molybdenum
- D. selenium
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chromium is essential for proper glucose metabolism. A deficiency in chromium can result in insulin resistance, which shares similarities with diabetes. Iron, molybdenum, and selenium deficiencies do not directly lead to a diabetes-like condition. Iron deficiency causes anemia, molybdenum deficiency is rare and can lead to specific metabolic issues, and selenium deficiency may result in thyroid problems but not a diabetes-like condition.
Which of the following statements are true about iron?
- A. The iron needs of vegans are 20% higher, and the needs of endurance athletes are 10% lower.
- B. It is one of the most common nutrient deficiencies in the world.
- C. Its absorption is increased by Vitamin C and during pregnancy.
- D. Its absorption is increased by tannic acid and calcium in milk.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is correct because iron absorption is indeed increased by Vitamin C and during pregnancy. The other choices are incorrect. Choice A is wrong as there are no universally accepted percentages for the iron needs of vegans and endurance athletes. Choice B is inaccurate as iron deficiency is actually one of the most common nutritional deficiencies worldwide. Choice D is incorrect because tannic acid and calcium in milk actually inhibit iron absorption rather than increasing it.
Proteolytic enzymes are most likely to break down which food type?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Proteins
- C. Fats
- D. Lipids
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which of the following groups of vitamins are fat-soluble?
- A. vitamins B and C
- B. vitamins A and C
- C. vitamins B, E, K, D
- D. vitamins A, E, K, D
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: vitamins A, E, K, and D. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed along with fats in the diet and can be stored in the body's fatty tissue. Vitamins B and C are water-soluble vitamins and are not stored in the body; any excess amounts are usually excreted in the urine. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.