Nokea
A constant rate of change would be represented by a curved line
- A. Arithmetic-scale line graph
- B. Semilogarithmic-scale line graph
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: On arithmetic-scale graphs, constant rates appear as straight lines.
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validity stands for.
- A. accuracy
- B. reliability
- C. consistency
- D. all
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Validity refers to how accurately a method measures what it is intended to measure.
The mean BP of a group of persons was determined and after an intervention trial the mean BP was estimated again the test to be applied to determine the significance of intervention is:
- A. Chi square test
- B. Paired test
- C. Correlation coefficient
- D. Z test
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Paired tests evaluate changes within the same group before and after an intervention.
Are health-care providers important sources of surveillance data?
- A. True.
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health-care providers are crucial sources of surveillance data, providing vital information needed for public health action.
Contrast the changes in death rates due to cancer, heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases.
- A. Heart disease and cancer rates increased initially but stabilized or declined, while cerebrovascular diseases declined steadily.
- B. All three diseases showed consistent declines.
- C. Cancer rates increased, while heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases decreased.
- D. Heart disease rates increased, while cancer and cerebrovascular diseases decreased.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart disease and cancer initially rose but later stabilized or declined, while cerebrovascular diseases showed steady declines due to improved treatments and risk factor management.
The best measure of association to use for these data is a/an:
- A. Food-specific attack rate
- B. Odds ratio
- C. Rate ratio
- D. Risk ratio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Odds ratios are appropriate for case-control studies.