The measure of central location generally preferred for additional statistical analysis is the:
- A. Mean
- B. Median
- C. Midrange
- D. Mode
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The mean is used in further computations due to its mathematical properties.
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Nepal red cross society established in
- A. 1969
- B. 1963
- C. 1965
- D. 1967
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nepal Red Cross Society was founded in 1963.
Describe the significance for epidemiology of associating the environment with disease causality.
- A. It helps identify environmental risk factors.
- B. It proves that diseases are not contagious.
- C. It eliminates the need for clinical trials.
- D. It supports genetic research.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Linking the environment to disease causality allows for targeted public health interventions to reduce exposure to harmful factors.
Have similar events occurred in the United States?
- A. Yes, Three Mile Island (1979).
- B. No, such events are impossible.
- C. Yes, every decade since 1950.
- D. No, nuclear plants are entirely safe.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The partial meltdown at Three Mile Island in 1979 is a notable example of a nuclear accident in the U.S.
An abstract of the journal article doesn't contain
- A. Methodologies
- B. Result
- C. Objectives
- D. Ethical consideration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Abstracts typically summarize the key points of an article, including objectives, methods, results, and conclusions, but do not delve into ethical considerations.
How would you design an ecologic study to investigate the following problems? How might the ecologic fallacy come into play in each situation? a. lung disease and air pollution b. birth defects and hazardous waste c. cancer and radiation leakage from a power plant
- A. Ecologic fallacy arises when group-level findings incorrectly infer individual-level relationships.
- B. Ecologic studies cannot address causality.
- C. All ecologic studies suffer from severe biases.
- D. Ecologic studies are irrelevant for public health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ecologic studies analyze aggregated data, risking incorrect inferences about individuals (ecologic fallacy).
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