Nokea
More CO2 is generated from
- A. fossils fuels
- B. kitchens(burning firewood)
- C. industries
- D. all
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed sources significantly contribute to CO2 emissions.
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Describe the significance for epidemiology of associating the environment with disease causality.
- A. It helps identify environmental risk factors.
- B. It proves that diseases are not contagious.
- C. It eliminates the need for clinical trials.
- D. It supports genetic research.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Linking the environment to disease causality allows for targeted public health interventions to reduce exposure to harmful factors.
Nepal red cross society established in
- A. 1969
- B. 1963
- C. 1965
- D. 1967
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nepal Red Cross Society was founded in 1963.
Identify the type of study design described: A random sample of middle-aged sedentary women was selected from four census tracts, and each subject was examined for evidence of osteoporosis. Those found to have the disease were excluded. All others were randomly assigned to either an exercise group, which followed a two-year program of systematic exercise, or a control group, which had no exercise program. Both groups were observed semiannually for incidence of osteoporosis.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Randomized controlled trial
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is a randomized controlled trial evaluating preventive measures.
A constant rate of change would be represented by a curved line
- A. Arithmetic-scale line graph
- B. Semilogarithmic-scale line graph
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: On arithmetic-scale graphs, constant rates appear as straight lines.
The best measure of association to use for these data is a/an:
- A. Food-specific attack rate
- B. Odds ratio
- C. Rate ratio
- D. Risk ratio
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Odds ratios are appropriate for case-control studies.