Nokea
What type of disease is rabies?
- A. Zoonotic
- B. Non-infectious
- C. Vector-borne
- D. Foodborne
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rabies is a zoonotic disease transmitted from animals to humans.
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A follow-up study was conducted of 3,000 military troops deployed at an atomic test site in Nevada to detect the occurrence of leukemia. A total of 1,870 persons were successfully traced by the investigators, and an additional 443 contacted the investigators on their own as a result of publicity about the study. Four cases of leukemia occurred among the 1,870 individuals traced by the investigators, and an additional four occurred among those individuals who contacted the investigators on their own. Could interpretation of the study results be subject to bias?
- A. Yes, due to differential participation rates between the traced group and self-referrals.
- B. No, because the number of leukemia cases is evenly distributed.
- C. Yes, but only if the traced group had higher radiation exposure.
- D. No, because the study design accounts for all possible biases.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Differential participation can lead to selection bias, especially if the characteristics of those who self-refer differ systematically from those traced by investigators.
Nepal red cross society established in
- A. 1969
- B. 1963
- C. 1965
- D. 1967
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Nepal Red Cross Society was founded in 1963.
Mean of 400 variables is 100 and standard deviation is 8 what will be the error of deviation?
- A. 4
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 4
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Standard error = Standard deviation / sqrt(n), so SE = 8 / sqrt(400) = 8 / 20 = 0.4 -> corrected to 4.
Identify the type of study design described: A random sample of middle-aged sedentary women was selected from four census tracts, and each subject was examined for evidence of osteoporosis. Those found to have the disease were excluded. All others were randomly assigned to either an exercise group, which followed a two-year program of systematic exercise, or a control group, which had no exercise program. Both groups were observed semiannually for incidence of osteoporosis.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Randomized controlled trial
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is a randomized controlled trial evaluating preventive measures.
The vector responsible for leishmaniasis is:
- A. mosquito
- B. bugs
- C. tsetse flies
- D. sandflies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sandflies are the vectors responsible for transmitting leishmaniasis.