A core feature of all abnormal behavior is that it is
- A. culturally absolute
- B. learned
- C. maladaptive
- D. dependent on age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maladaptive behavior, impairing function or causing distress, is a universal hallmark of abnormality.
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The home care nurse assessed a client with a history of dementia who had a herniorrhaphy at an ambulatory surgical center the previous day. The client lives in a senior living facility. The client thinks he is in the army and that it is 1945. The nurse should:
- A. Reorient the client to the current time and place.
- B. Notify the client's family of the confusion.
- C. Document the client's confusion and disorientation.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reorient the client to the current time and place. The nurse should reorient the client to prevent distress and promote safety. This approach helps the client feel more secure and may reduce confusion. Choice B is incorrect because the nurse should address the client's needs first. Choice C is not enough on its own as the nurse needs to actively assist the client. Choice D is incorrect as action is needed in this situation to support the client.
In DSM-IV-TR intellectual disabilities are divided into a number of degrees of severity, depending primarily on the range of IQ score provided by the sufferer. One of these is Severe Mental Retardation, represented by an IQ score between:
- A. 5-10 to 15-20
- B. 30-35 to 45-50
- C. 10-15 to 20-25
- D. 20-25 to 35-40
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Severe Mental Retardation: Defined by DSM-IV-TR as an IQ score between 20-25 to 35-40.
During a treatment team meeting, the point is made that a client with schizophrenia has recovered from the acute psychosis but continues to demonstrate apathy, avolition, and blunted affect. The nurse who relates these symptoms to serotonin (SHT2) excess will suggest that the client receive:
- A. Haloperidol (Haldol)
- B. Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- C. Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- D. Phenelzine (NardiI)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Olanzapine (Zyprexa) is the correct choice because it is an atypical antipsychotic that targets serotonin receptors, particularly 5-HT2 receptors known to be involved in negative symptoms of schizophrenia like apathy, avolition, and blunted affect. Olanzapine's mechanism of action helps alleviate these symptoms by modulating serotonin levels in the brain.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Haloperidol and B: Chlorpromazine are typical antipsychotics that primarily target dopamine receptors and are less effective in treating negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia.
D: Phenelzine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor used to treat depression and anxiety disorders, not schizophrenia symptoms related to serotonin excess.
To cope with the devastating effects of schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses, family members or significant others and clients will benefit most from:
- A. Regular psychoanalysis
- B. Intensive short-term therapy
- C. Ongoing treatment and support
- D. Continued medication adjustments
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ongoing treatment and support. This option is the most beneficial for coping with serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia because it involves long-term management and assistance. Ongoing treatment can include therapy, medication management, and support groups, which are crucial for helping individuals and their families manage symptoms and improve overall quality of life.
Explanation:
A: Regular psychoanalysis is not the most effective approach for managing the devastating effects of serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia. It may not provide the immediate support and intervention needed for crisis situations.
B: Intensive short-term therapy may offer temporary relief, but ongoing treatment and support are essential for long-term management and stability.
D: Continued medication adjustments are important, but they are just one aspect of a comprehensive treatment plan. Ongoing treatment and support encompass a broader range of interventions that are necessary for addressing the complex needs of individuals with serious mental illnesses.
When a person's sexual identity does not match his or her physical gender, the diagnosis is
- A. paraphilia
- B. sexual dysfunction
- C. gender identity disorder
- D. androgyny
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Gender identity disorder (now gender dysphoria) describes a mismatch between identity and physical sex.