Nokea
A couple has been counseled for genetic anomalies. They ask you, 'What is karyotyping?' Which description is most accurate?
- A. Karyotyping will reveal if the baby's lungs are mature.
- B. Karyotyping will reveal if the baby will develop normally.
- C. Karyotyping will provide information about the gender of the baby and the number and structure of the chromosomes.
- D. Karyotyping will detect any physical deformities the baby has.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Karyotyping provides genetic information such as gender and chromosomal structure. The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, not karyotyping, reveals lung maturity. Although karyotyping can detect genetic anomalies, the range of normal is nondescriptive, and not all such anomalies display obvious physical deformities. The term 'deformities' is a nondescriptive word, and physical anomalies may be present that are not detected by genetic studies (e.g., cardiac malformations).
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A nurse is caring for a patient with pyelonephritis. What does the nurse identify as the most common cause?
- A. Escherichia coli
- B. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- C. Chlamydia trachomatis
- D. Candida albicans
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Escherichia coli. In pyelonephritis, bacteria typically ascend from the lower urinary tract to the kidneys. E. coli is the most common cause due to its prevalence in the gastrointestinal tract and ability to cause urinary tract infections. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis are more commonly associated with sexually transmitted infections, not pyelonephritis. Candida albicans is a fungal infection and is not a common cause of pyelonephritis.
The most conservative approach for early breast cancer treatment involves lumpectomy followed by which procedure?
- A. Radiation
- B. Adjuvant systemic therapy
- C. Hormonal therapy
- D. Chemotherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Radiation therapy is typically used after lumpectomy to treat early-stage breast cancer.
What is the importance of obtaining informed consent for a number of contraceptive methods?
- A. Contraception is an invasive procedure that requires hospitalization.
- B. The method may require a surgical procedure to insert a device.
- C. The contraception method chosen may be unreliable.
- D. The method chosen has potentially dangerous side effects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It's essential to provide informed consent as some contraceptive methods carry side effects or risks, allowing the client to make an educated choice regarding the method.
Which statement regarding the Family Systems Theory is inaccurate?
- A. Family system is part of a larger suprasystem.
- B. Family, as a whole, is equal to the sum of the individual members.
- C. Changes in one family member affect all family members.
- D. Family is able to create a balance between change and stability.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Family Systems Theory posits that the family as a whole is greater than the sum of its individual members, meaning the family's dynamics are more complex than just the sum of each individual. The other statements are accurate according to this theory.
A nurse is assessing a newborn who was born vaginally with vacuum extractor assistance. The nurse notes swelling over the newborn's head that crosses the suture line. The nurse should identify the swelling as which of the following findings?
- A. Nevus ammeus
- B. Caput succedaneum
- C. Cephalohematoma
- D. Erythema toxicum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Caput succedaneum is a swelling that crosses suture lines due to pressure during delivery.