Nokea
A couple lost a second baby to miscarriage. They are both considering having genetic testing done before trying to get pregnant again. What should the nurse include when teaching about genetic testing?
- A. A particular genetic test will tell them if there is a specific genetic change.
- B. The test results will identify the diseases their children will inherit from them.
- C. Genetic testing will determine if they are predisposed to developing a genetic disease.
- D. Genetic testing kits that are available on the Internet are just as good and less costly than going to a genetic counselor.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Genetic testing can identify specific genetic changes responsible for miscarriages but cannot predict all diseases or replace professional counseling.
You may also like to solve these questions
Who introduced the concept of discrimination between self and non-self?
- A. Elie Metchnikoff
- B. Louis Pasteur
- C. Paul Ehrlich
- D. Charles Janeway
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Paul Ehrlich introduced the concept of discrimination between self and non-self through his "horror autotoxicus" theory. He proposed that the immune system can differentiate between harmful non-self antigens and self-antigens. Ehrlich's theory laid the foundation for understanding immune responses and the development of immunology. Metchnikoff focused on phagocytosis, Pasteur on microbiology, and Janeway on innate immunity, not specifically on self vs. non-self discrimination.
During the healing phase of inflammation, which cells would be mostly likely to regenerate?
- A. Skin
- B. Neurons
- C. Cardiac muscle
- D. Skeletal muscle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Skin cells are highly regenerative due to their rapid turnover rate and presence of stem cells. In contrast, neurons, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle have limited regenerative capacity.
A nurse is teaching the client with systemic lupus erythematosus about prednisone. What information is the priority?
- A. Might make the client feel jittery or nervous.
- B. Can cause sodium and fluid retention.
- C. Long-term effects include fat redistribution.
- D. Never stop prednisone abruptly.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because abruptly stopping prednisone can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to suppression of the body's natural cortisol production. Adrenal insufficiency can be life-threatening. Priority is given to this information to ensure the client's safety. Choice A is incorrect as jitteriness or nervousness are common side effects but not the priority. Choice B is incorrect as sodium and fluid retention are potential side effects but not as critical as avoiding adrenal insufficiency. Choice C is incorrect as fat redistribution is a long-term effect but not as immediate as the risk of adrenal insufficiency.
T-cell receptors or antibodies react with antigens
- A. because both are made by lymphocytes
- B. because of complementary of molecular fit of both with antigen
- C. because both have light chain and heavy chain polypeptides
- D. cause histamine release
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because T-cell receptors and antibodies recognize antigens through complementary molecular fit. This interaction is based on the specific shape of the antigen-binding site on the receptor or antibody matching the shape of the antigen. This molecular complementarity allows for strong and specific binding between the antigen and the receptor/antibody. Choices A and C are incorrect as the presence of lymphocytes or specific polypeptide chains alone does not explain the mechanism of antigen recognition. Choice D is incorrect because histamine release is not directly related to the interaction between T-cell receptors or antibodies with antigens.
Which of the following statements is incorrect about allergic reactions?
- A. They always require a sensitization step during which specific IgE are secreted
- B. Allergens causing hay fever are usually inhaled
- C. Food allergy can cause hives
- D. The current guidelines for preventing peanut allergy in infants is complete avoidance of peanuts and peanut-related products until at least six months of age
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because current guidelines actually recommend early introduction of peanuts to prevent peanut allergies, not complete avoidance. This is based on research showing early introduction can reduce the risk of developing peanut allergies. Choice A is correct as sensitization is a key step in allergic reactions. Choice B is correct as inhaled allergens can cause hay fever. Choice C is correct as food allergies can indeed manifest as hives.