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A couple undergoing IVF asks about the role of progesterone injections post-transfer. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy.
- B. Progesterone improves egg quality during IVF cycles.
- C. Progesterone prevents the formation of ovarian cysts.
- D. Progesterone reduces the chances of multiple pregnancies.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Progesterone supports the uterine lining to help maintain a pregnancy post-transfer. Progesterone is crucial in preparing the uterine lining for embryo implantation and supporting early pregnancy. It helps thicken the endometrium, creating a hospitable environment for the embryo to implant and grow. Choice B is incorrect as progesterone does not directly improve egg quality. Choice C is incorrect as progesterone does not prevent ovarian cyst formation. Choice D is incorrect as progesterone does not reduce the chances of multiple pregnancies; in fact, it may slightly increase the risk of multiples in IVF.
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The nurse in a genetic clinic interviews a couple and develops a pedigree chart. Which inheritance patterns does the pedigree chart portray?
- A. Autosomal recessive
- B. X-linked recessive
- C. Autosomal dominant
- D. X-linked dominant
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Autosomal dominant. In an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, the trait is passed down from generation to generation, affecting both males and females equally. This is indicated by the presence of the trait in every generation of the pedigree chart. In contrast, autosomal recessive traits would skip generations and require both parents to be carriers. X-linked recessive traits mainly affect males and skip generations. X-linked dominant traits would be present in every generation but would affect more females than males.
Nurses working in a midwifery office have attended a conference to learn about factors that increase a woman's risk of becoming infertile. To evaluate the nurses' learning, the conference coordinator tested the nurses' knowledge at the conclusion of the seminar. Which of the following problems should the nurses state increase a client's risk of developing infertility problems? Select all that apply.
- A. Women who have menstrual cycles that are up to 30 days long.
- B. Women who experience pain during intercourse.
- C. Women who have had pelvic inflammatory disease.
- D. Women who have excess facial hair.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pain during intercourse, pelvic inflammatory disease, and hirsutism (excess facial hair) are associated with infertility.
The nurse is analyzing the three-generation pedigree below. In which generation is the proband?
- A. I.
- B. II.
- C. III.
- D. There is not enough information to answer this question.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The proband is typically the individual in the middle generation being evaluated.
A nurse is counseling a couple on lifestyle modifications to improve fertility. Which recommendation is most appropriate?
- A. Increase caffeine intake for better energy.
- B. Maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking.
- C. Engage in intensive daily exercise.
- D. Focus solely on timing of intercourse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain a healthy weight and avoid smoking. This recommendation is most appropriate because both factors significantly impact fertility. Being at a healthy weight improves hormonal balance and ovulation, while smoking can harm sperm quality and reduce fertility.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
A: Increasing caffeine intake may negatively affect fertility, as high levels of caffeine have been linked to reduced fertility in both men and women.
C: Engaging in intensive daily exercise can actually disrupt menstrual cycles and ovulation, negatively impacting fertility.
D: Focusing solely on timing of intercourse overlooks the importance of overall lifestyle factors that can affect fertility, such as diet, weight, and smoking.
The nurse is analyzing the pedigree shown below. How should the nurse interpret the genotype of the individual in location II-4?
- A. Affected male.
- B. Unaffected female.
- C. Stillborn child.
- D. Child of unknown sex.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The symbol indicates an affected male.