Nokea
A dendrite conducts nerve impulses ________ the cell body.
- A. away from
- B. toward
- C. both toward and away from
- D. around, bypassing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dendrites are specialized structures that receive nerve impulses from other neurons and conduct them toward the cell body. They are branched extensions that increase the surface area for receiving signals. The electrical signals generated by neurotransmitters binding to receptors on dendrites travel toward the cell body, where they are integrated to determine whether the neuron will fire an action potential. This directional flow is essential for neural communication.
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The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with a cerebral tumor. For which function should the nurse expect to assess an abnormality?
- A. Reflex movement
- B. Movement and speech
- C. Coordination and posture
- D. Heart rate and respiratory rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A cerebral tumor in the frontal lobe may affect movement and speech, as this area contains the motor cortex and Broca's area. Reflex movements are controlled by the spinal cord, coordination by the cerebellum, and heart rate by the medulla. Assessing movement and speech is critical for localizing the tumor's effects.
The nurse is caring for a client with ICP. Why will the nurse position the client in bed with HOB elevated to 30 degrees?
- A. Makes it easier for the client to breathe
- B. Prevents the Valsalva maneuver
- C. Promotes venous drainage
- D. Reduces pain
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the head of the bed to 30 degrees promotes venous drainage from the brain, reducing intracranial pressure (ICP). This position helps improve cerebral perfusion and prevents complications associated with increased ICP, such as brain herniation.
Which kind of hip fracture is usually repaired with a hip prosthesis?
- A. Intracapsular
- B. Extracapsular
- C. Subtrochanteric
- D. Intertrochanteric
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intracapsular fractures often require prosthetic repair.
In the development of the nervous system, which is the correct order of events?
- A. First, cells must be specified to be neurons, second, these neurons must make connections with their targets, third, the neurons must migrate to their final position, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- B. First, cells must be specified to be neurons, second, the neurons must migrate to their final position, third, these neurons must make connections with their targets, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- C. First, cells must migrate to their final position, second, these cells must be specified to be neurons, third, the neurons must make connections with their targets, and fourth, the neurons refine their synaptic connections.
- D. First, the prospective neurons must make connections with their targets, second, the neurons refine their synaptic connections, third, the neurons must migrate to their final position, and fourth, the cells are specified to become neurons.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct sequence of nervous system development involves: (1) specification of cells as neurons, (2) migration of neurons to their final positions, (3) formation of connections with targets, and (4) refinement of synaptic connections. This order ensures proper neural circuit formation and function. Specification occurs first, followed by migration, which positions neurons correctly. Axon outgrowth and target connection occur next, and finally, synaptic pruning and refinement optimize neural communication.
Regarding the cutaneous nerve supply to arm and forearm
- A. C3/4 supply pectoral and upper shoulder
- B. Branches of the brachial plexus supply arm and forearm
- C. C4/5/6/T1 supply the majority of the arm
- D. ?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The brachial plexus, formed from C5-T1, supplies the cutaneous innervation of the arm and forearm. Specific branches include the median, ulnar, and radial nerves.