Nokea
A dental hygienist finds several new carious lesions in a patient with chronic obstructive respiratory disease (COPD). While conducting the medical and dental histories, the dental hygienist is most likely to find an increased use of which of the following?
- A. Protein
- B. Cough drops
- C. Fluoride
- D. Xylitol
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cough drops. Patients with COPD often use cough drops to manage their symptoms, which can lead to an increase in carious lesions due to their sugar content. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as protein, fluoride, and xylitol are not typically associated with an increased risk of carious lesions in patients with COPD.
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Age group categories within older adults are classified as 'young old,' 'old,' and 'oldest old,' the latter of which comprises adults aged _____.
- A. 70-80 years
- B. 75-84 years
- C. 80-90 years
- D. 85 years or older
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Match the energy-yielding nutrient to the amount of energy it provides to the body: Carbs, Fats, Proteins.
- A. Carbs - 4kcal/g
- B. Fats - 9kcal/g
- C. Proteins - 4kcal/g
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal per gram, while fats provide 9 kcal per gram. Therefore, all three energy-yielding nutrients provide different amounts of energy to the body. Choice A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually provides a specific amount of energy per gram, but when considering all nutrients together, they collectively cover the spectrum of energy provision to the body.
For a patient on a ketogenic diet, which macronutrient is primarily increased?
- A. Carbohydrates
- B. Protein
- C. Fats
- D. Fiber
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fats. A ketogenic diet is characterized by high fat intake, moderate protein intake, and very low carbohydrate intake. This diet aims to shift the body's metabolism to use fat as the primary source of energy instead of carbohydrates. Increasing fat intake while reducing carbohydrates is essential for achieving and maintaining a state of ketosis. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the macronutrient adjustments required for a ketogenic diet.
High intakes of which of the following interfere with copper absorption and can lead to a deficiency?
- A. chromium
- B. sodium
- C. zinc
- D. manganese
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, zinc. High intakes of zinc can interfere with copper absorption, potentially leading to copper deficiency. Copper is essential for various bodily functions, including iron metabolism. Choice A, chromium, is incorrect because chromium does not interfere with copper absorption. Choice B, sodium, and Choice D, manganese, are also incorrect as they do not interfere with copper absorption.
Which vitamin is essential for proper blood clotting?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin E
- C. Vitamin K
- D. Vitamin C
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin K is vital for the synthesis of clotting factors, which are necessary for proper blood clotting. Vitamin A (Choice A) is important for vision and skin health, not blood clotting. Vitamin E (Choice B) is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage but is not directly involved in blood clotting. Vitamin C (Choice D) is essential for collagen synthesis and a healthy immune system, but it does not play a direct role in blood clotting.