Nokea
A disorder that is related to the absorption of vitamin B12 is ___________.
- A. Pulmonary edema
- B. Congestive heart failure
- C. Pernicious anemia
- D. Phlebitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pernicious anemia. Pernicious anemia is caused by the body's inability to absorb vitamin B12, leading to a deficiency in this essential nutrient. Vitamin B12 is crucial for the production of red blood cells, and its deficiency can result in anemia. Pulmonary edema (A) is excess fluid in the lungs, congestive heart failure (B) is a heart condition, and phlebitis (D) is inflammation of a vein, none of which are directly related to vitamin B12 absorption.
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Acute bronchitis can cause
- A. Coughing up blood
- B. Yellow or green sputum
- C. Night sweats
- D. Excessive urination
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B being correct: Yellow or green sputum is common in acute bronchitis due to inflammation and infection in the bronchial tubes, leading to the presence of pus. This is a typical symptom seen in respiratory infections like bronchitis. Coughing up blood (choice A) is more indicative of a more serious condition like pneumonia or lung cancer. Night sweats (choice C) are not a typical symptom of acute bronchitis but may be seen in conditions like tuberculosis. Excessive urination (choice D) is unrelated to acute bronchitis.
After an amputation, a resident may experience phantom sensation. Phantom sensation is
- A. Not real
- B. Sensation where the limb existed
- C. The inability to use a new body part
- D. The desire to get rid of a new body part
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phantom sensation refers to feeling sensations in the amputated limb location. This happens due to the brain still receiving signals from the missing limb. Choice B is correct as it accurately describes this phenomenon. Choice A is incorrect as phantom sensation is a real experience. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a different condition, while Choice D is incorrect as it does not relate to phantom sensation.
Which of the following is a guideline for safe foot care for a resident who has diabetes?
- A. The NA should inspect and clean the resident's feet every day.
- B. The NA should clip the resident's toenails frequently.
- C. The NA should use lotion between the toes to prevent dryness and cracking.
- D. The NA should use hot water for bathing the feet to help prevent infection.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because inspecting and cleaning the resident's feet daily helps in early detection of any cuts, sores, or signs of infection, which is crucial for diabetics to prevent complications. Clipping toenails frequently can lead to cuts and infections. Using lotion between the toes can create a moist environment that promotes fungal growth. Using hot water for bathing can cause burns and dry out the skin, increasing the risk of cracks and infections.
What age range is associated with toddlers?
- A. 2 to 4
- B. 6 to 12
- C. 3 to 6
- D. 1 to 3
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 1 to 3 years old. Toddlers are typically children between the ages of 1 to 3 years old. During this stage, children begin to develop their independence and motor skills. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the age range associated with toddlers. Option A (2 to 4 years old) includes children beyond the toddler stage, option B (6 to 12 years old) covers school-age children, and option C (3 to 6 years old) also includes children beyond the toddler years. The key defining factor of toddlers is their age range of 1 to 3 years old.
You are ordered to administer 0.3 mL of epinephrine for a moderate allergic reaction. What is the preferred initial route of administration of epinephrine for an allergic reaction?
- A. Subcutaneous
- B. Intramuscular
- C. Intravenous
- D. Endotracheal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The preferred initial route of administration for epinephrine in an allergic reaction is intramuscular (IM) injection (Choice B) because it ensures rapid absorption and onset of action. Epinephrine acts quickly when injected into the muscle, reaching the bloodstream efficiently to counteract allergic reactions. Subcutaneous (Choice A) administration may lead to slower absorption. Intravenous (Choice C) administration is too invasive and can result in rapid, potentially dangerous effects. Endotracheal (Choice D) administration is not recommended for epinephrine as it is not a standard route and may not provide the desired therapeutic effects.