Nokea
A drug is called an agonist if it ________.
- A. blocks a receptor
- B. interferes with neurotransmitter reuptake
- C. acts like the endogenous neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor
- D. blocks the voltage-gated calcium ion channel
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an agonist mimics the action of the endogenous neurotransmitter by binding to its receptor. This leads to activation of the receptor and physiological response. Choice A is incorrect as an agonist does not block a receptor. Choice B is incorrect as it describes a reuptake inhibitor, not an agonist. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a calcium channel blocker, not an agonist. In conclusion, an agonist activates a receptor by binding to it, unlike the other choices which describe different mechanisms of action.
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The nurse is providing care for an 87-year-old woman who is recovering from a cerebral vascular accident. Which precaution should the nurse take after noting the patient has a positive Romberg test?
- A. Institute fall-risk precautions.
- B. Provide small, frequent meals.
- C. Request a footboard and splints.
- D. Darken the room and reduce stimuli.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A positive Romberg test indicates impaired balance and proprioception, increasing the risk of falls. Fall-risk precautions, such as using a gait belt and ensuring a safe environment, are essential. Small meals, footboards, and reducing stimuli are not directly related to balance issues.
What is the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by?
- A. Destruction of nucleic acids and other self-proteins by autoantibodies
- B. Overproduction of collagen that disrupts the functioning of internal organs
- C. Formation of abnormal IgG that attaches to cellular antigens, activating complement
- D. Increased activity of T suppressor cells with B-cell hypoactivity, resulting in an immunodeficiency
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autoantibodies attack self-proteins in SLE.
When positioning the patient after a total hip arthroplasty with a posterior approach, it is important that the nurse maintain the affected extremity in what position?
- A. Adduction and flexion
- B. Abduction and extension
- C. Abduction and internal rotation
- D. Adduction and external rotation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abduction and extension prevent dislocation.
In helping Mr. Hall to maintain proper body alignment in bed to prevent dislocation of the prosthetic head and hip contracture, the nurse should assist the patient to lie
- A. straight in bed alternating head position from flat to 30° elevation and left leg abducted
- B. diagonally toward the right side of the bed with legs together
- C. flat on back in bed for first 48 hours with legs adducted
- D. on the right side only with the left leg in front of the right leg
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This position minimizes stress on the new hip joint.
Which part of the neuron has the highest concentration of Na.
- A. dendrites
- B. cell body
- C. synaptic knobs
- D. none of them
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The intracellular concentration of Na+ is generally low in all parts of the neuron due to the action of the Na+, K+ ATPase pump, which actively transports Na+ out of the cell. Therefore, none of the listed parts have a high concentration of Na+.