Nokea
A drug is given that affects the initial phases of spermatogenesis to aid in a patient’s infertility complaints. How much time would it take for the effects of this drug to be seen?
- A. 4.6 days
- B. 16 days
- C. 22 days
- D. 86 days
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D (86 days) because spermatogenesis is a process that takes around 74 days from the initial division of spermatogonia to the release of mature spermatozoa. The drug affecting the initial phases of spermatogenesis would take at least one full cycle of spermatogenesis to show its effects, which is around 74 days. Therefore, it would take approximately 86 days for the effects of the drug to be seen.
Choice A (4.6 days) is too short for spermatogenesis to complete, so the effects of the drug would not be observable in this time frame. Choice B (16 days) and Choice C (22 days) are also insufficient for a full cycle of spermatogenesis to occur, hence the effects of the drug would not be evident within these durations.
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In the following figure, which lines most likely reflect the responses in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
- A. A and C
- B. A and D
- C. B and C
- D. B and D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the kidney tubules are unable to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This results in the inability to concentrate urine, leading to excessive dilute urine output. Lines A and D in the figure represent a high urine output (polyuria) and low urine osmolality, which are characteristic of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Choice A (A and C) is incorrect because line C does not show low urine osmolality. Choice C (B and C) is incorrect because line B does not show high urine output. Choice D (B and D) is incorrect because line D does not show low urine osmolality.
Which patients meet the criteria for Chlamydia screening?
- A. A 40-year-old woman who is sexually active and uses barrier protection consistently
- B. A 15-year-old female woman who is sexually active with one partner
- C. A 22-year-old woman who is sexually active and uses barrier protection inconsistently
- D. A 23-year-old woman who has had four sexual partners in the last 3 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the 22-year-old woman who is sexually active and uses barrier protection inconsistently is at higher risk for Chlamydia infection. Inconsistent use of barrier protection increases the likelihood of exposure to the infection. The other choices (A, B, D) do not specifically mention increased risk factors for Chlamydia. Choice A mentions consistent barrier protection, which lowers the risk. Choice B mentions having one partner, which may reduce the risk compared to multiple partners. Choice D mentions having multiple partners, which increases the risk, but it does not mention current risky behavior like inconsistent barrier protection.
What structure attaches the ovaries and the uterus to the pelvic wall?
- A. Broad ligament
- B. Mesovarium
- C. Ovarian ligament
- D. Suspensory ligament
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Suspensory ligament. The suspensory ligament attaches the ovaries to the pelvic wall and also contains the ovarian artery, vein, and nerves. This structure supports and suspends the ovaries in the pelvic cavity. The broad ligament (A) is a sheet of peritoneum that connects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the pelvic wall. The mesovarium (B) is a fold of peritoneum that attaches the ovaries to the broad ligament. The ovarian ligament (C) attaches the ovaries to the uterus. Therefore, the suspensory ligament is the correct answer as it specifically connects the ovaries to the pelvic wall.
Which of the following sets of tissues are all part of a developing follicle.
- A. granulosa cells, theca, corpus luteum
- B. theca, acrosome, antrum
- C. oocyte, corpus luteum, granulosa cells
- D. . zona pellucida, cumulus oophorous, theca
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the tissues mentioned (zona pellucida, cumulus oophorous, theca) are indeed part of a developing follicle. The zona pellucida is the glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte, the cumulus oophorous is a cluster of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte, and the theca is a layer of connective tissue surrounding the follicle.
Choice A is incorrect because the corpus luteum is not part of a developing follicle. Choice B is incorrect because the acrosome is a structure in sperm, not the follicle. Choice C is incorrect because the corpus luteum is not part of a developing follicle, and the oocyte is already present within the follicle but is not considered a part of it.
The inner lining of the vagina is _____ epithelium.
- A. simple cuboidal
- B. simple columnar
- C. mucous
- D. stratified squamous
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: stratified squamous epithelium. This type of epithelium is found in the vagina to provide protection against abrasion and infection due to its multiple layers of cells. The stratified nature allows for wear and tear resistance. Simple cuboidal and columnar epithelia are not ideal for this function due to their single layer structure. Mucous epithelium is not a recognized epithelial type.