Nokea
A female client comes to the clinic and tells the nurse, 'I am getting all these little hairs on my chin. I never had them before I turned 50.' What does the nurse understand is the cause of the terminal hairs on the face?
- A. Overproduction of melanin
- B. Increased secretion of sebum
- C. Decline in the number of eccrine glands
- D. Decreased ratio of estrogen to androgen hormones
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After menopause, some women develop sparse terminal hairs about their face as the ratio of estrogen to androgen hormones decreases. An overproduction of melanin would cause altered color of the skin. Increased secretion of sebum is an oily substance that may cause blackheads and pustules. A decline in the number of eccrine glands will cause a decrease in perspiration in the older adult.
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A client has been prescribed an antibiotic to treat a bacterial skin infection. What should the nurse inform the client is most important to do when taking the medication?
- A. The antibiotic should only be taken until the symptoms disappear and the rest of the medication can be saved for the next infection.
- B. Be sure to complete the prescription even if the infection appears to resolve.
- C. If another member of the family develops the infection, the medication may be shared.
- D. Stop taking the medication immediately if a fever develops.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Instruct clients taking antibiotics to complete the entire prescription, even if the condition resolves before they finish all of the medication. Medication should not be shared between family members, and the client must take all of the medication. The medication should not be stopped if a fever develops because the antibiotic takes 24 to 48 hours to begin working.
The nurse is administering a medication to a client who is suffering from pain related to partial thickened burns. The medication will interrupt the sensation and transmission of pain stimuli. What type of nociceptors will this medication block?
- A. Thermoreceptors
- B. Mechanoreceptors
- C. Nociceptors
- D. Alpha receptors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nociceptors sense and transmit the location of pain stimuli. Thermoreceptors perceive sensations of heat and cold. Mechanoreceptors detect touch, location, pressure, motion, vibration, size, and texture. Alpha receptors trigger autonomic responses.
The nurse is applying a cool compress to the forehead of a client with an elevated temperature. This is an example of what type of heat loss?
- A. Radiation
- B. Evaporation
- C. Conduction
- D. Convection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact. Radiation is the transfer of surface heat in the environment. Evaporation is the loss of moisture or water. Convection is the transfer of heat by means of currents of liquids or gases in which warm air molecules move away from the body.
A client has a rash on the arm that has been treated with an antibiotic without eradicating the rash. What type of examination using ultraviolet light can be used to determine if the rash is a fungal rash?
- A. Skin biopsy
- B. Fungal culture
- C. Potassium hydroxide test
- D. A Wood light examination
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A Wood light is also known as a black light and is a handheld device that can identify certain fungal infections that fluoresce under long-wave ultraviolet light. In a darkened room, when a physician or nurse aims the light at a lesion caused by a fungus that fluoresces, the lesion emits a blue-green color. It is the only test that uses a light; the others use skin scrapings.
The nurse is caring for a client in the long-term care facility who had been living at home and being cared for by a family member. The family member states having had a difficult time getting the client to eat or drink and that the client developed a 'bed sore.' The nurse observes a serous drainage covering the dressing and a 2x2 cm crater that is 0.5 cm deep. What stage does the nurse document this pressure sore as?
- A. Stage I
- B. Stage II
- C. Stage III
- D. Stage IV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stage III pressure sores involve superficial skin impairment that progresses to a shallow crater extending to the subcutaneous tissue, often with serous drainage. Stage I is characterized by redness of intact skin. Stage II includes a blister or shallow break in the skin. Stage IV involves deep ulceration exposing muscle or bone.