Nokea
Which of the following conditions is the cause of thickening of the nail?
- A. Fungal infection
- B. Long-standing pulmonary disease
- C. Myocardial infarction
- D. Iron-deficiency anemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Long-standing poor circulation leads to nail thickening, especially of the lower extremities. Nails thicken when there is a fungal infection and poor circulation. Clubbing of the nails suggests a long-standing cardiopulmonary disease. Concave-shaped nails are a sign of iron-deficiency anemia. Myocardial infarction does not cause thickening of nails.
You may also like to solve these questions
Plantar warts may be treated with what method?
- A. Photochemotherapy
- B. Radiation
- C. Electrodesiccation
- D. Cryosurgery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Electrodesiccation is the use of electrical energy converted to heat, which destroys the tissue. Photochemotherapy involves a combination of psoralen methoxsalen and type A ultraviolet light. Radiation therapy is used to treat malignant skin lesions. Cryosurgery is the application of extreme cold to destroy tissue.
The nurse is changing a brief for a client that has been incontinent of stool and observes an area over the left trochanter that is reddened and in the center of the area is a shallow skin tear. The nurse takes a picture of the wound for the chart. How will the nurse stage this wound?
- A. Stage I
- B. Stage II
- C. Stage III
- D. Stage IV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A stage II pressure sore is red and is accompanied by blistering or a shallow break in the skin, sometimes described as a skin tear. Stage I pressure sores are characterized by redness of intact skin. The reddened skin of a beginning pressure sore fails to resume its normal color, or blanch when pressure is relieved. Stage III has superficial skin impairment that progresses to a shallow crater that extends to the subcutaneous tissue. Stage IV has tissue damage that is deeply ulcerated, exposing muscle and sometimes bone.
An older adult client is brought to the emergency department reporting having become overheated while sitting in the sun. The client states, 'But I wasn't even perspiring.' What occurs in older adults that decreases spontaneous sweating and makes them vulnerable to heat?
- A. Decrease in the number of eccrine glands
- B. Increase in the number of eccrine glands
- C. Decreased number of apocrine glands
- D. Increased number of apocrine glands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A decline in the number of eccrine glands, along with decreased cutaneous vascularity, causes a decrease in spontaneous sweating with age, this makes older persons more vulnerable to heat. Apocrine glands are found around the nipples, in the anogenital region, in the eyelids, in the mammary glands of the breast, and in the external ear canals where the secretion is referred to as cerumen.
A client has a wart on the left knee but wants to try an over-the-counter medication to dissolve the wart. What type of solution would the nurse educate the client about?
- A. Antiseborrheic agents
- B. Antihistamine
- C. Antiseptics
- D. Keratolytics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Keratolytics dissolve thickened, cornified skin such as warts, corns, and calluses. Their action causes the treated area to soften and swell, facilitating removal. Antiseborrheic agents are applied to the scalp or incorporated into shampooing products to control dandruff. Antihistamines are used to relieve itching. An antiseptic would be used to reduce bacteria on the arm.
An older adult client is being seen in the dermatology clinic for lesions on the hands and forearm. The client is concerned about the possibility of having melanoma and wants to be evaluated. The nurse documents the lesions as small, brown lesions of the hands and forearms. What type of benign lesions are these characteristic of?
- A. Senile keratoses
- B. Senile lentigines
- C. Melanoma
- D. Freckles
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Small, brown, pigmented, benign lesions, known as liver spots or senile lentigines, form on the hands and forearms of older people. Small, yellow or brown, raised lesions called senile keratoses may appear on the face and trunk and are precancerous and require close observation. Melanoma is diagnosed by biopsy and generally has irregular borders and is dark in color.