Nokea
Which of the following pigments influences hair color?
- A. Pheromones
- B. Keratin
- C. Seburin
- D. Melanin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Melanin, produced by the melanocytes in the hair roots, influences hair color. Pheromones are hormone-like chemicals that communicate reproductive and social information among the lower animal species. Seburin is a lubricant that prevents drying and cracking of the skin and hair. Keratin is a tough protective protein.
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A client is coming to the office to have a growth removed by the doctor. The client asks 'What does cryosurgery do to the growth?' What is the correct response by the nurse?
- A. Removes the entire growth
- B. Through the application of extreme cold, the tissue is destroyed.
- C. Freezes the growth, so the physician can remove it at the next appointment
- D. Lasers the growth off
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cryosurgery is the application of extreme cold to destroy tissue. The other statements are false.
The nurse is changing a brief for a client that has been incontinent of stool and observes an area over the left trochanter that is reddened and in the center of the area is a shallow skin tear. The nurse takes a picture of the wound for the chart. How will the nurse stage this wound?
- A. Stage I
- B. Stage II
- C. Stage III
- D. Stage IV
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A stage II pressure sore is red and is accompanied by blistering or a shallow break in the skin, sometimes described as a skin tear. Stage I pressure sores are characterized by redness of intact skin. The reddened skin of a beginning pressure sore fails to resume its normal color, or blanch when pressure is relieved. Stage III has superficial skin impairment that progresses to a shallow crater that extends to the subcutaneous tissue. Stage IV has tissue damage that is deeply ulcerated, exposing muscle and sometimes bone.
The nurse is administering a medication to a client who is suffering from pain related to partial thickened burns. The medication will interrupt the sensation and transmission of pain stimuli. What type of nociceptors will this medication block?
- A. Thermoreceptors
- B. Mechanoreceptors
- C. Nociceptors
- D. Alpha receptors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nociceptors sense and transmit the location of pain stimuli. Thermoreceptors perceive sensations of heat and cold. Mechanoreceptors detect touch, location, pressure, motion, vibration, size, and texture. Alpha receptors trigger autonomic responses.
The nurse is applying a cool compress to the forehead of a client with an elevated temperature. This is an example of what type of heat loss?
- A. Radiation
- B. Evaporation
- C. Conduction
- D. Convection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact. Radiation is the transfer of surface heat in the environment. Evaporation is the loss of moisture or water. Convection is the transfer of heat by means of currents of liquids or gases in which warm air molecules move away from the body.
A client is having cryosurgery to remove a growth on the leg. How long will the client be informed that healing will take?
- A. 3 to 5 days
- B. Up to 1 week
- C. 2 to 4 weeks
- D. 4 to 6 weeks
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cryosurgery is the application of extreme cold to destroy tissue. After application of extreme cold, the area thaws and becomes gelatin-like in appearance. A scab forms at the site. Healing takes approximately 4 to 6 weeks.