ATI Pathophysiology Test Bank

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A female patient is taking combined hormonal contraceptives to prevent pregnancy. She visits the gynecology clinic and is noted to have a blood pressure of 176/102 mm Hg. The patient is started on enalapril mesylate 10 mg. In collaboration with the primary care provider, what other patient teaching should be provided based on her current medication regimen?

  • A. Instruct on a low-salt diet.
  • B. Instruct to discontinue the contraceptives.
  • C. Instruct on the use of relaxation techniques to decrease stress.
  • D. Instruct on the rationale for increasing the contraceptive dose.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Women on hormonal contraceptives and antihypertensives like enalapril should be counseled to adopt a low-salt diet if severe hypertension occurs. This dietary modification can help in managing blood pressure levels. Instructing to discontinue the contraceptives is crucial in cases of severe hypertension as it poses an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Instructing on relaxation techniques may have some benefits in reducing stress levels but addressing the root cause, such as discontinuing contraceptives in this scenario, is more critical. There is no rationale for increasing the contraceptive dose when hypertension is present; in fact, it should be stopped to prevent complications.

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Which of the following factors are known to contribute to an individual's ability to adapt to stress? (Select ONE that does not apply.)

  • A. Ethnicity
  • B. Age
  • C. Socioeconomic status
  • D. Gender
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct factors that contribute to an individual's ability to adapt to stress are age, socioeconomic status, and gender. Age can influence coping mechanisms and resilience. Socioeconomic status can impact access to resources and support systems. Gender differences can also play a role in how individuals experience and manage stress. Ethnicity, while important in other contexts, is not directly mentioned in the provided rationale and is not one of the factors listed as contributing to an individual's ability to adapt to stress.

A patient is prescribed clomiphene citrate (Clomid) for the treatment of infertility. Which of the following statements should be included in the nurse's teaching?

  • A. This drug induces ovulation by stimulating gonadotropins.
  • B. This drug induces ovulation by inhibiting gonadotropins.
  • C. This drug suppresses ovulation by inhibiting gonadotropins.
  • D. This drug increases progesterone levels, which maintains pregnancy.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement to include in the nurse's teaching is that clomiphene induces ovulation by stimulating the release of gonadotropins, which in turn stimulate the ovaries. Choice B is incorrect because clomiphene does not induce ovulation by inhibiting gonadotropins. Choice C is also incorrect as clomiphene does not suppress ovulation by inhibiting gonadotropins. Choice D is inaccurate as clomiphene does not directly increase progesterone levels to maintain pregnancy.

Innate resistance or immunity:

  • A. Involves 'memory'
  • B. Is a development of an individual's later years
  • C. Is a relatively slow and specific process
  • D. Depends on physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Innate resistance or immunity relies on the body's natural defenses like physical, mechanical, and biochemical barriers. These barriers act as the first line of defense against pathogens and do not involve memory (choice A). Innate immunity is present from birth and does not develop over an individual's later years (choice B). Additionally, innate immunity is a rapid and nonspecific process, not a slow and specific one (choice C). Therefore, the correct answer is D.

What type of immunity will the hepatitis B series provide a nursing student scheduled to receive it?

  • A. Active immunity
  • B. Passive immunity
  • C. Innate immunity
  • D. Natural immunity
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is active immunity. The hepatitis B series immunization will provide active immunity, where the individual's immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against the hepatitis B virus. This type of immunity is long-lasting and provides protection against future exposures. Passive immunity (choice B) involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies and is temporary. Innate immunity (choice C) is the body's natural defense mechanisms, present at birth. Natural immunity (choice D) refers to immunity acquired through normal life processes, such as recovering from an infection.

During a follow-up visit, a patient being treated for latent tuberculosis mentions inconsistent drug intake. What should subsequent health education focus on?

  • A. The importance of adhering to the treatment regimen to reduce adverse effects
  • B. The necessity of consistently taking the prescribed drugs for TB cure
  • C. Matching drug dosages carefully to signs and symptoms
  • D. The consequence of nonadherence leading to antiretroviral use
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because consistent intake of prescribed drugs is crucial for curing tuberculosis. By emphasizing the necessity of following the treatment plan, the patient is more likely to achieve a successful outcome. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on the risk of adverse effects rather than the primary goal of TB cure. Choice C is incorrect as it does not address the issue of inconsistent drug intake. Choice D is also incorrect as it introduces a different treatment (antiretrovirals) not relevant to latent tuberculosis.

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