Nokea
A __ forms when one of the agents in a solution separates from the solvent and becomes a solid, insoluble product that looks cloudy, hazy, or like fine floating crystals.
- A. Emulsion
- B. Precipitate
- C. Solution
- D. Suspension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A precipitate is a solid that forms in a solution when components become insoluble, appearing cloudy or crystalline.
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Match each IV fluid with the appropriate term that accurately describes the solution's tonicity: 0.9% NS
- A. Isotonic
- B. Hypotonic
- C. Hypertonic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 0.9% NS is isotonic, matching plasma osmolarity, so fluid stays in the intravascular space.
Which of the following rates would be considered to be a 'keep the vein open' rate?
- A. 30 mL/hr
- B. 75 mL/hr
- C. 80 mL/hr
- D. 100 mL/hr
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 'keep vein open' rate is typically low, around 20-30 mL/hr, to maintain patency without significant fluid delivery.
Which of the following explanations of the differences between IV push and IVPB routes of administration are correct?
- A. The IV push route of administration allows direct infusion from the bag of solution at a rapid rate, which pushes the medication in quickly.
- B. The IVPB route of administration allows medications to infuse over a 1- to 2-minute interval.
- C. The IVPB route of administration requires that the medication be dissolved in a volume of fluid, ranging between 50 and 250 mL.
- D. The IV push route of administration provides for direct injection of medication into the port closest to the IV site.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: IVPB involves medication diluted in 50-250 mL, infused over a longer period, while IV push is a direct, rapid injection into the IV port.
How does an intermittent prn lock differ from a traditional IV site?
- A. The prn lock is used for continual infusion of IV fluids or medications.
- B. The patient with a prn lock must be stuck each time medication needs to be administered.
- C. The prn lock provides subcutaneous access rather than IV access.
- D. The prn lock allows for intermittent infusion of IV fluids or medications without requiring a continual infusion of fluids.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A prn lock (saline lock) allows intermittent access without continuous infusion, unlike traditional IVs that often run fluids continuously.
The liquid portion of the blood is known as
- A. Serum
- B. Plasma
- C. Lymph
- D. Cerebrospinal fluid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Plasma is the liquid component of blood, comprising water, electrolytes, and proteins.