Nokea
A frantic family member is distressed about the flaccid paralysis of a relative following a spinal cord injury several hours ago. Which fact does the nurse know about this condition?
- A. It is an ominous indicator of permanent paralysis.
- B. It is possibly a temporary condition and will clear.
- C. It degenerates into a spastic paralysis.
- D. It will progress up the cord to cause seizures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A period of flaccid paralysis following a cord injury is called areflexia, or spinal shock, and may be temporary.
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The nurse is aware that when assessing a patient by the FOUR score coma scale, the patient is assessed in four categories: eye response, brainstem reflexes, motor response, and respiration. In which manner are these results reported?
- A. As a sum of the scores of the four categories
- B. As part of the Glasgow Coma Scale
- C. As individual scores in each category
- D. As progressive scores during a 24-hour period
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The FOUR score coma scale assesses the patient in four categories: eye response, brainstem reflexes, motor response, and respiration. The scores are reported as individual scores in each category. It is frequently done in conjunction with or as an alternative to the Glasgow Coma Scale, not part of it.
Which cranial nerve supplies most of the organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities and carries motor fibers to glands that produce digestive juices and other secretions?
- A. Somatic motor nerve
- B. Visceral sensory nerve
- C. Abducens nerve
- D. Vagus nerve
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The vagus nerve extends from the throat, larynx, and organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It is responsible for sensations and will accelerate peristalsis when stimulated.
___ is/are responsible for the transmission of impulses between synapses.
Correct Answer: Neurotransmitters
Rationale: Neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) function to conduct transmission between the synapses.
Which is a sign of Cushing response?
- A. Increased pulse rate
- B. Increased blood pressure
- C. Widened pulse pressure
- D. Bradycardia
- E. Increased systolic blood pressure
- F. Uncontrolled thermoregulation
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: A widened pulse pressure, increased systolic blood pressure, and bradycardia are together called Cushing response. It is considered an important diagnostic sign of late-stage brain herniation.
The waxy substance that covers the neuron fibers and increases the rate of transmission of impulses is the ___
Correct Answer: myelin
Rationale: Myelin is the waxy substance that covers the neuron fibers (axons and dendrites) and increases the rate of transmission of impulses.