Nokea
A patient is to have a myelogram to confirm the presence of a herniated intervertebral disk. Which nursing action will be planned with respect to this diagnostic test?
- A. Obtain an allergy history before the test.
- B. Ambulate the patient when returned to the room after the test.
- C. Use heated blanket to keep patient warm after procedure.
- D. Keep NPO for 6 to 8 hours after the test.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before the dye is injected, patients must be asked whether they have any allergies, specifically whether they have had any anaphylactic or hypotensive episodes from other dyes.
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___ is/are responsible for the transmission of impulses between synapses.
Correct Answer: Neurotransmitters
Rationale: Neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin) function to conduct transmission between the synapses.
Which technique is necessary for safely feeding a patient with hemiplegia?
- A. Mixing liquids and solid foods together
- B. Taking the patient's dentures out to prevent choking
- C. Checking the affected side of mouth for food accumulation
- D. Offering small bites of food
- E. Elevating the patient to no more than 30 degrees
- F. Adding a thickening agent to liquids
Correct Answer: C,D,F
Rationale: Important nursing measures include avoiding foods that cause choking, checking the affected side of the mouth for accumulation of food and resultant poor hygiene, not mixing liquids and solid foods, and encouraging the patient to take small bites.
The nurse assures an anxious family member of a 92-year-old patient who is demonstrating signs of dementia that many causes of dementia are reversible and preventable. Which disorder is one example?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Alzheimer's disease
- C. Diabetes
- D. Parkinson disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Some forms of dementia are reversible. Dementia caused by hypotension, anemia, drug toxicity, metabolic disturbance, and malnutrition can all be corrected to abolish the dementia.
Which issue is the basic problem that prompts most of the early signs of Alzheimer's disease (AD)?
- A. Changes in mood
- B. Misplacing things
- C. Memory loss that disrupts daily life
- D. Problems with words in speaking
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Memory loss that disrupts daily life is the basic problem that prompts most of the early signs of AD.
A patient has recently experienced a stroke with left-sided weakness and has problems with choking, especially when drinking thin liquids. Which nursing interventions would be most helpful in assisting this patient to swallow safely?
- A. Use a straw.
- B. Tuck chin when swallowing.
- C. Take a sip of liquid with each bite.
- D. Turn head to the left.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient should sit at a 90-degree angle with the head up and chin slightly tucked.