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Which action will the nurse take when caring for a child recently diagnosed with bacterial meningitis?
- A. Arrange for humidified oxygen per mask.
- B. Place the child in respiratory isolation.
- C. Inquire about drug allergy.
- D. Hold NPO until orders arrive.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Persons with bacterial meningitis are placed in respiratory isolation until the pathogen can no longer be cultured, usually 24 hours.
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A patient who has experienced a stroke has expressive aphasia. Which abnormal manner of communication does the patient display?
- A. Has difficulty comprehending spoken and written communication.
- B. Cannot make any vocal sounds
- C. Has total loss and understanding of language.
- D. Can understand the spoken word, but cannot speak.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient with expressive aphasia has difficulty articulating words but can understand the written and spoken word.
In which way will the nurse instruct a patient with Parkinson disease to improve activity level?
- A. To use a soft mattress to relax the spine.
- B. To walk with a shuffling gait to avoid tripping.
- C. To walk with hands folded behind back to help balance.
- D. To sit in hard chair with arms for posture control.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient with Parkinson disease can improve the activity level holding the hands folded behind to keep better balance and keep the arms from hanging stiffly at the side. The patient should be sleeping on a firm mattress without a pillow to prevent spinal curvature, Walk with a lifting of the feet to avoid tripping and 'freezing.'
Which sign is the cardinal sign of increased intracranial pressure in a patient who has sustained a brain injury?
- A. Pupil changes
- B. Ipsilateral paralysis
- C. Vomiting
- D. Decrease in the level of consciousness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Collection of objective data includes a change in level of consciousness. A change in the level of consciousness is the earliest sign of increased intracranial pressure.
A ___ is a diagnostic procedure used to identify lesions by observing the flow of radiopaque dye through the subarachnoid space.
Correct Answer: myelogram
Rationale: Preparation for this procedure is the same as for lumbar puncture.
Which symptom is specific to migraine headaches?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. They become worse in the evening
- C. They involve the entire head
- D. They are preceded by an aura
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Migraine headaches are unusual in that signs and symptoms occur before the acute attack.