Nokea
A genetic variation in how the metabolite of the cancer drug irinotecan SN-38 is inactivated by the body may lead to:
- A. Decreased effectiveness of irinotecan in the treatment of cancer
- B. Increased adverse drug reactions, such as neutropenia
- C. Delayed metabolism of the prodrug irinotecan into the active metabolite SN-38
- D. Increased concerns for irinotecan being carcinogenic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: UGT1A1 mutations slow SN-38 inactivation, raising neutropenia risk , not affecting efficacy or activation .
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What describes the action of a drug on the body?
- A. Pharmacodynamics
- B. Pharmacokinetics
- C. Microbiology
- D. Physiology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pharmacodynamics studies the effects of a drug on the body, including mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects, unlike pharmacokinetics, which focuses on drug movement.
The routine monitoring recommended for low molecular weight heparin is:
- A. INR every 2 days until stable, then weekly
- B. aPTT every week while on therapy
- C. Factor Xa levels if the patient is pregnant
- D. White blood cell count every 2 weeks
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Factor Xa levels may be monitored in pregnancy with LMWH; routine INR or aPTT isn't needed due to predictable pharmacokinetics.
Which medication route provides the most rapid onset of a medication, but also poses the greatest risk of adverse effects?
- A. Intradermal
- B. Subcutaneous (subcut)
- C. Intramuscular (IM)
- D. Intravenous (IV)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: IV medications are delivered directly into the bloodstream and avoid the first pass effect of the liver. Intradermal, subcut, and IM administration have a slower absorption rate.
A 64-year-old woman with a history of type 2 diabetes is diagnosed with heart failure. Which of the following medications would be a poor choice for controlling her diabetes?
- A. Exenatide
- B. Glyburide
- C. Nateglinide
- D. Rosiglitazone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rosiglitazone can worsen heart failure due to fluid retention and edema.
Azathioprine has significant adverse drug effects, including:
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hirsutism
- C. Risk of cancer
- D. Gingival hyperplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Azathioprine increases cancer risk (e.g., lymphoma) via immunosuppression; other effects (A, B, D) are less prominent.