Nokea
A gestational age assessment in the preterm newborn is likely to demonstrate
- A. hyperflexion of the upper and lower extremities in the infant's resting posture
- B. minimal breast bud tissue
- C. highly developed ear cartilage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preterm infants often have underdeveloped physical features, including minimal breast bud tissue.
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If a woman in labor is receiving a benzodiazepine to relieve anxiety, nausea, and pain, the medication that should also be available on the unit is
- A. flumazenil
- B. naloxone
- C. N-acetylcysteine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzodiazepine effects in case of overdose or adverse reactions.
A 38-year-old patient presents to the clinic office complaining of increased bilateral tenderness of her breasts prior to the onset of menses. On questioning the patient, this
- A. Physical examination reveals lumpy areas bilaterally on the upper outer quadrants of each
- B. The areas of concern are approximately 2 cm in siz
- C. Based on this assessment, which diagnostic testing would be necessary? (Select all that apply.)
- D. Ultrasound examination
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because lumpy areas on the upper outer quadrants of the breasts are characteristic of fibrocystic breast changes, which commonly cause increased tenderness before menses. This finding is important for differential diagnosis and management. Choice B is incorrect because the size of the areas is less relevant than the location and characteristics. Choice C is incorrect as it is not specific to the clinical presentation described. Choice D is incorrect because while an ultrasound may be used in assessing breast lumps, the initial step would be to identify the specific characteristics on physical examination.
Parents of newborn infants are instructed to place infants on their back to sleep to decrease the risk of
- A. gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
- B. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
- C. bronchiolitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Back sleeping significantly reduces the risk of SIDS.
The external os opens into the vagina.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. NA
- D. NA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The external os is the opening of the cervix into the vagina.
During which phase of the ovarian cycle is progesterone circulating in high amounts?
- A. Proliferative phase
- B. Menstrual phase
- C. Ovulatory phase
- D. Luteal phase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone at high levels. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation and maintains pregnancy. The proliferative phase (A) is characterized by estrogen dominance, preparing the endometrium for ovulation. The menstrual phase (B) involves shedding of the endometrium due to decreased hormone levels. The ovulatory phase (C) is marked by the release of the egg but not high progesterone levels. Thus, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the physiological events of the ovarian cycle.