Ethics and Issues in Contemporary Nursing

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A group of nurses are interested in the how to improve teaching effectiveness for patients who have a hearing impairment and lack family involvement while hospitalized. They believe "hearing loss decreases the teaching effectiveness while hospitalized." The group plans to evaluate teaching effectiveness using a 10-point Likert scale pre-post teaching, perform a hearing test to determine degree of hearing loss on admission, and have social work evaluate the impact of hearing impairment on patient's ability to safely live alone prior to discharge. The group is working in which step of the scientific process?

  • A. Hypothesis
  • B. Method
  • C. Results
  • D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Method. In the scientific process, the method refers to designing and planning the research study. In this scenario, the group of nurses is planning how to improve teaching effectiveness for patients with hearing impairment, which involves designing the study by using a Likert scale pre-post teaching evaluation, conducting a hearing test, and involving social work for evaluation. This step focuses on determining how the research will be carried out, including data collection methods and procedures. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Hypothesis - This step involves formulating a testable prediction based on observations or existing knowledge.
C: Results - This step involves analyzing the data collected and drawing conclusions.
D: Evaluation - This step involves assessing the effectiveness or outcomes of the research study.

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A valuable tool for determining whether a potential employer is suitable for your career goals is to:

  • A. call The Joint Commission (TJC) to ask whether the organization meets required standards.
  • B. assess the work climate by walking through the facility.
  • C. review financial statements of the institution.
  • D. ask what they can do for you rather than what you can do for them.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing the work climate by walking through the facility allows you to gain firsthand insight into the organization's culture, values, and overall environment. By observing how employees interact, the cleanliness of the facility, and the general atmosphere, you can assess if it aligns with your career goals and preferences. This method provides tangible and direct evidence that can help you make an informed decision.

Choice A is incorrect because contacting The Joint Commission is not relevant to evaluating a potential employer's suitability for your career goals. Choice C is incorrect as reviewing financial statements may not provide insights into the work environment and culture. Choice D is incorrect because focusing solely on what the employer can do for you may not give a comprehensive understanding of whether the organization is a good fit for your career aspirations.

A nurse practices a relaxing massage technique to stimulate and apply pressure to the feet or hands, increasing blood supply circulation to various parts of the body and relieving pain. The massage technique used by the practitioner is referred to as:

  • A. reflexology.
  • B. Feldenkrais method.
  • C. Reiki.
  • D. Rolfing.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: reflexology. Reflexology is a practice based on the theory that specific areas on the feet and hands correspond to different organs and systems in the body. By stimulating these areas through massage techniques, blood circulation is increased, promoting healing and pain relief.

- Choice B, Feldenkrais method, focuses on improving movement and function through awareness and gentle movements, not specifically targeting reflex points.
- Choice C, Reiki, involves the transfer of energy to promote healing, but does not involve massage techniques or specific reflex points.
- Choice D, Rolfing, is a type of bodywork that focuses on manipulating the body's connective tissues to improve posture and alignment, not specifically targeting reflex points like in reflexology.

The RN instructs the LPN to "Give an enema to the patient in room 327 who is being discharged but is complaining of being constipated. Then be sure to document on the medication administration record when given." Which of the five rights was missing in this situation? The right of:

  • A. direction and communication.
  • B. task.
  • C. person.
  • D. circumstances.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: direction and communication. The RN failed to provide clear direction to the LPN regarding the specific type of enema to be administered and the amount. Furthermore, there was a lack of communication regarding the patient's current condition and the rationale for the enema. The other choices are incorrect because:
B: task - The task of administering the enema was clearly communicated.
C: person - The patient was identified by room number, so the person was specified.
D: circumstances - While the circumstances of the patient's complaint were mentioned, the specific details related to the enema administration were lacking.

Regardless of the term used to describe high-quality health care, the focus of quality is:

  • A. what the consumer needs and wants.
  • B. economical care.
  • C. having the greatest technologic advancement.
  • D. services equally distributed among populations.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Quality in healthcare should be consumer-centric, meeting their needs and preferences.
2. Consumer needs and wants drive patient satisfaction and outcomes.
3. Patient-centered care leads to better health outcomes and overall quality of care.
4. Focusing on consumer needs promotes individualized and effective care delivery.

Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
- Choice B (economical care) does not necessarily ensure high-quality care.
- Choice C (technologic advancement) is important but not the sole focus of quality healthcare.
- Choice D (equally distributed services) is important for equity but does not define quality in healthcare.

A pregnant woman reports back pain and wants to try a complementary alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. The nurse knows that which CAM would be contraindicated?

  • A. Magnet therapy
  • B. Aromatherapy
  • C. Imagery
  • D. Therapeutic touch
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Magnet therapy. Magnet therapy is contraindicated in pregnancy due to the risk of unknown effects on the fetus. Magnets may interfere with the body's natural magnetic fields, potentially causing harm to the developing baby. Aromatherapy (B), imagery (C), and therapeutic touch (D) are generally considered safe during pregnancy when performed by trained professionals and with appropriate precautions. Aromatherapy uses essential oils, imagery involves mental visualization techniques, and therapeutic touch uses energy-based techniques that do not pose significant risks to the pregnant woman or the fetus.

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