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A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the various nursing theorists and their application to psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which theorist as responsible for developing the theory of cultural care diversity and universality?
- A. Madeleine Leininger
- B. Sister Calista Roy
- C. Hildegard Peplau
- D. Dorothea Orem
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Madeleine Leininger developed the theory of cultural care diversity and universality, emphasizing culturally congruent care. Roy developed the adaptation model, Peplau focused on interpersonal relations, and Orem created the self-care deficit theory.
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A nurse is demonstrating behaviors that the treatment team is attempting to get the patient to develop. The nurse is integrating which theory?
- A. Erikson?s model of psychosocial development
- B. Albert Bandura?s social cognitive theory
- C. Skinner?s operant conditioning
- D. Freud?s psychoanalytic model
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Albert Bandura?s social cognitive theory emphasizes learning through observation and modeling. The nurse demonstrating desired behaviors for the patient to emulate aligns with this theory. Erikson focuses on developmental stages, Skinner on reinforcement, and Freud on unconscious drives.
A nursing student is to provide a class presentation about interpersonal and psychoanalytic theories. As part of this presentation, the student is planning to address the major way these two categories differ. Which of the following would the student include as key to interpersonal theories?
- A. Human relationships
- B. Instincts
- C. Drives
- D. Potential for goodness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Interpersonal theories, like those of Sullivan and Peplau, emphasize human relationships and social interactions as central to mental health. Psychoanalytic theories, like Freud?s, focus on instincts and drives. The potential for goodness is more aligned with humanistic theories.
A nursing instructor is integrating Piaget?s theory of cognitive development into the discussion of learning and mental health issues affecting adolescents. The instructor would identify this age group as in which stage?
- A. Concrete operations
- B. Preoperational
- C. Formal operations
- D. Sensorimotor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Piaget?s theory identifies adolescents (roughly ages 12 and up) as being in the formal operations stage, characterized by abstract thinking and problem-solving. Concrete operations apply to younger children, preoperational to preschoolers, and sensorimotor to infants.
The nurse is assessing a patient with anxiety and observes the patient yelling and screaming. The nurse, integrating Peplau?s theory, interprets this behavior as which of the following?
- A. Panic behaviors
- B. Relief behaviors
- C. Empathetic linkage
- D. Social distance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Peplau?s theory describes anxiety levels, with panic behaviors (e.g., yelling and screaming) occurring at severe or panic levels, indicating overwhelming distress. Relief behaviors reduce anxiety, empathetic linkage involves shared emotions, and social distance is not a Peplau concept.
A group of nursing students are reviewing the various theories that form the basis for psychiatric-mental health nursing. The students demonstrate understanding of these theories when they identify which theorist as addressing female development? Select all that apply.
- A. Maslow
- B. Gilligan
- C. Bandura
- D. Miller
- E. Thorndike
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Carol Gilligan and Jean Baker Miller addressed female development. Gilligan focused on women?s moral development, emphasizing care-based ethics, while Miller?s relational-cultural theory highlighted women?s relational growth. Maslow focused on human needs, Bandura on social learning, and Thorndike on behaviorism.