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A group of nursing students is preparing a class presentation comparing the different types of cognitive therapies. When describing solution-focused brief therapy, which of the following would the students identify as being different from the other therapies?
- A. Focus on functional aspects of the patient
- B. Challenge about the existence of problems
- C. Assumption that change is not constant
- D. View of the past rather than the present
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) differs from other cognitive therapies by focusing on the patient?s strengths and functional aspects to build solutions, rather than analyzing problems or past events. Other therapies may challenge beliefs or focus on the past, and SFBT assumes change is possible, not static.
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A nurse who is working with a patient being treated for depression is using solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) during the patient?s brief psychiatric hospitalization. The nurse decides to use an exception question. Which question would the nurse most likely use?
- A. When did you first feel depressed?
- B. When do you not feel depressed?
- C. What feelings contribute to your depression?
- D. What has to happen for you to feel depressed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In SFBT, an exception question asks about times when the problem (depression) is absent or less severe, as in 'When do you not feel depressed?' This helps identify strengths and solutions. Other options focus on the problem?s onset or causes, which are less aligned with SFBT?s solution-oriented approach.
A nursing instructor is preparing a class lecture about cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Which of the following would the instructor use to best describe this process?
- A. Solving patients? problems for them by determining how they need to change their thoughts and actions and developing a plan that will help them do so.
- B. Using techniques to modify a patient?s behavior shaping it into behavior that is appropriate in order to help the patient experience a more positive future.
- C. Reinforcing distorted beliefs so they can play a major part in changing a patient?s behavior for the better and improving his or her quality of life.
- D. Working in a trusting and collaborative relationship to help patients focus on solving their own problems by changing the way they think and behave.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CBT involves a collaborative, patient-centered approach where the therapist and patient work together to identify and modify negative thoughts and behaviors to solve problems. Option D captures this essence. Option A is directive, not collaborative; option B focuses only on behavior; and option C incorrectly suggests reinforcing distorted beliefs.
A nurse is assessing a patient with a psychiatric illness. The nurse interprets which patient statement as reflecting the concept of cognitive triad?
- A. I always mess things up. No matter what I do, my whole world is a mess, and my future will be a big mess, too.
- B. My sister is always the pretty one, her world is free of problems, and she?ll have a perfect future.
- C. My bosses think they know it all, that they can control the world?s future, and that the entire planet is dependent on them.
- D. My mother used to always tell me bad things happen in threes?like when someone you know dies, you just know two other people you know will die.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The cognitive triad, a concept in Beck?s cognitive theory, involves negative views of oneself, the world, and the future. The statement in option A reflects this triad: self ('I always mess things up'), world ('my whole world is a mess'), and future ('my future will be a big mess, too'). Options B and C focus on others, and option D reflects a superstitious belief, not the cognitive triad.
A group of nursing students is reviewing information about cognitive processes and the development of mental disorders. The students demonstrate a need for additional review when they identify which of the following as being involved?
- A. Cognitive triad
- B. Cognitive distortions
- C. Schema
- D. Compliments
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cognitive processes in mental disorders include the cognitive triad, cognitive distortions, and schemas, which shape negative thought patterns. Compliments (D) are unrelated to cognitive processes in this context, indicating a misunderstanding by the students.
A student does poorly on the first class exam of the semester. Although there are three more tests plus a final exam that will be given during the rest of the semester, the student believes that he will fail the course because of doing so poorly on the one exam. The student?s belief reflects which type of irrational belief?
- A. Low frustration tolerance
- B. Absolute thinking
- C. Catastrophizing
- D. A demand
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Catastrophizing involves exaggerating the negative impact of an event, assuming the worst outcome (failing the course based on one exam). Low frustration tolerance reflects difficulty coping with discomfort, absolute thinking involves all-or-nothing beliefs, and a demand involves rigid expectations, none of which fit as well.