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A group of nursing students is reviewing information about substances that are abused. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as stimulants? Select all that apply.
- A. Alcohol
- B. Cocaine
- C. Heroin
- D. Nicotine
- E. Phencyclidine
Correct Answer: B,D
Rationale: Cocaine (B) and nicotine (D) are stimulants, increasing CNS activity. Alcohol (A) is a depressant, heroin (C) is an opioid, and phencyclidine (E) is a dissociative anesthetic.
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A client is receiving methadone maintenance therapy. After teaching the client about this treatment, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the client states which of the following?
- A. I can have a glass of wine with dinner if I choose.
- B. I should eat small frequent meals if I get nauseated.
- C. I should take the drug on an empty stomach.
- D. I might experience diarrhea with this drug.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methadone can cause nausea, and eating small, frequent meals (B) helps manage this side effect. Alcohol (A) should be avoided, methadone is taken without regard to food (C), and constipation, not diarrhea (D), is a common side effect.
A 20-year-old man arrives at the emergency department by ambulance. He is unconscious, with slow respirations and pinpoint pupils. There are tracks visible on his arms. The friend who came with him reports that the client had just shot up heroin when he became unconscious. Which medication would the nurse most likely expect to administer?
- A. Naloxone
- B. Naltrexone
- C. Bupropion
- D. Varenicline
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone (A) is an opioid antagonist used to reverse heroin overdose, counteracting respiratory depression and unconsciousness. Naltrexone (B) is for maintenance, bupropion (C) is for depression/smoking cessation, and varenicline (D) is for smoking cessation.
A client with a history of alcohol abuse is participating in a 12-step Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) program. The nurse determines that the client is at step two when he states which of the following?
- A. I?ve admitted to myself and others the wrongdoings I?ve done.
- B. I realize that there is a higher power that can help me.
- C. I know now that I am powerless over alcohol.
- D. I am making amends to all those that I?ve harmed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step two of the AA 12-step program involves recognizing a higher power that can aid recovery (B). Step one is admitting powerlessness (C), step four involves admitting wrongdoings (A), and step eight involves making amends (D).
A client is brought into the emergency department because he was involved in an automobile accident. His blood alcohol level (BAL) is 0.10 mg %. Based on this finding, the nurse would expect to assess which of the following?
- A. Difficulty with coordination
- B. Stupor
- C. Emotional lability
- D. Ataxia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A BAL of 0.10 mg % (0.10 g/dL) typically causes difficulty with coordination (A), such as impaired motor skills. Stupor (B) occurs at higher levels (e.g., >0.30), emotional lability (C) is less specific, and ataxia (D) is more severe and less common at this level.
A client tells the nurse that he is committed to trying to quit smoking. When teaching the client about smoking cessation, which of the following would the nurse include?
- A. Success usually involves more than one type of intervention.
- B. Relapse is fairly rare within the first year of quitting.
- C. Ear acupressure is a highly proven method for quitting.
- D. Education is key for smoking cessation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Smoking cessation success typically requires multiple interventions (A), such as behavioral therapy, medications, and support groups. Relapse is common in the first year (B), ear acupressure (C) lacks strong evidence, and education alone (D) is insufficient.