Nokea
A group of students are reviewing the process of verbal communication. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as the first component of the process?
- A. Formulation of an idea
- B. Message encoding
- C. Transmission of message
- D. Message reception
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Verbal communication begins with formulating an idea, which is then encoded, transmitted, and received. Formulation is the initial step where the speaker conceptualizes the message.
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A nurse has engaged in self-awareness and has come to understand his own personal beliefs and attitudes and has recognized some prejudicial ideas. Based on this understanding, which of the following would the nurse now be able to accomplish?
- A. Have a therapeutic relationship with a patient.
- B. Influence patients with certain biases.
- C. Change learned behaviors.
- D. Formulate values and morals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Self-awareness, including recognizing personal biases, allows the nurse to set aside prejudices and engage objectively with patients, fostering a therapeutic relationship. Influencing patients with biases is unethical, changing behaviors requires more than self-awareness, and formulating values and morals is a broader personal process not directly tied to patient care.
The nurse is engaged in a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. The relationship is in the working phase. With which of the following would the patient be involved? Select all that apply.
- A. Beginning to identify a need
- B. Testing new ways for problem solving
- C. Testing the relationship
- D. Discussing problems related to needs
- E. Examining personal issues
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: In the working phase of the nurse-patient relationship (per Peplau), the patient actively engages in problem-solving, discussing needs, and examining personal issues to achieve therapeutic goals. Identifying needs and testing the relationship occur in the orientation phase.
The nurse is in the orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship with a patient diagnosed with a mental disorder. When interviewing the patient during this first encounter, which information would be most important for the nurse to obtain about the patient?
- A. Known allergies
- B. Recent hospitalizations
- C. Perception of the problem
- D. Family history
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the orientation phase, establishing trust and understanding the patient?s perspective is critical. The patient?s perception of the problem provides insight into their mental health needs and guides the therapeutic relationship. Allergies, hospitalizations, and family history are important but secondary in this initial phase.
When communicating with a patient, which of the following would the nurse use to convey positive body language?
- A. Sitting erect with back against the chair
- B. Crossing the arms over the chest
- C. Sitting at the patient?s eye level
- D. Keeping the feet flat on the floor with the legs crossed
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sitting at the patient?s eye level conveys openness, respect, and engagement, fostering positive communication. Crossing arms or legs can appear defensive, and sitting erect with back against the chair may seem rigid, less conducive to rapport.
A patient is a successful insurance salesman; however, because of market changes, his level of sales has dropped. His boss tells him he will consequently be receiving a $2,000 per year cut in his salary. When the patient arrives home from work, the family dog runs to greet him as he always does, barking and jumping up and down and begging for attention. The patient yells at the dog, 'Get away from me; I can?t take your barking right now.' The patient?s response reflects a defense mechanism because it was which of the following?
- A. An intentional behavior performed to let the dog know his behavior was inappropriate
- B. Automatic, protecting the patient from the anxiety related to his upcoming pay cut
- C. Implemented to keep the patient from having to cope with his upcoming pay cut
- D. Implemented so the patient could rationalize his upcoming pay cut
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient?s response reflects displacement, a defense mechanism where emotions (anxiety about the pay cut) are redirected to a less threatening target (the dog). This is automatic and protects the patient from directly confronting anxiety. The response is not intentional training, avoidance of coping, or rationalization.