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A nursing instructor is describing the nurse-patient relationship to a group of nursing students. Which of the following would the instructor emphasize as crucial for establishing and maintaining the relationship?
- A. Rapport
- B. Empathy
- C. Self-awareness
- D. Values
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapport, a trusting and harmonious connection, is crucial for establishing and maintaining the nurse-patient relationship, fostering open communication. Empathy and self-awareness support rapport, but rapport is the foundation. Values guide practice but are less directly tied to the relationship.
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The nurse is engaged in a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. The relationship is in the working phase. With which of the following would the patient be involved? Select all that apply.
- A. Beginning to identify a need
- B. Testing new ways for problem solving
- C. Testing the relationship
- D. Discussing problems related to needs
- E. Examining personal issues
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: In the working phase of the nurse-patient relationship (per Peplau), the patient actively engages in problem-solving, discussing needs, and examining personal issues to achieve therapeutic goals. Identifying needs and testing the relationship occur in the orientation phase.
A patient is talking to the nurse about the recent death of her grandmother. She is obviously very sad, and a tear rolls down her cheek as she talks. The nurse remembers how she felt when her own grandmother died the previous summer. The nurse puts her hand on the patient?s shoulder and says, 'This must be very difficult for you.' The nurse is demonstrating empathy based on which of the following?
- A. The response comment reflects an attempt to communicate understanding of patient?s feelings.
- B. The nurse?s response and use of reassuring touch reinforce the nurse?s concern for the patient.
- C. The nurse demonstrates understanding of how the patient feels because of her own grandmother?s death.
- D. The nurse?s statement expresses compassion and kindness toward the patient.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Empathy involves understanding and communicating the patient?s feelings. The nurse?s statement and touch reflect an attempt to convey understanding of the patient?s grief, aligning with empathy. Option C describes countertransference, and options B and D describe compassion but not the specific mechanism of empathy.
A hospitalized patient diagnosed with depression asks the nurse, 'Should I go home this weekend?' Which response by the nurse uses the technique of reflection?
- A. Should you go home for the weekend?
- B. Home means what to you?
- C. It sounds as if you don?t want to go home this weekend.
- D. I doubt that you really should go home this weekend.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reflection involves restating the patient?s words to encourage further exploration of their thoughts. Repeating 'Should you go home for the weekend?' mirrors the patient?s question, promoting self-reflection. Other options involve clarification, interpretation, or judgment, which are not reflective techniques.
The nurse is in the orientation phase of the nurse-patient relationship with a patient diagnosed with a mental disorder. When interviewing the patient during this first encounter, which information would be most important for the nurse to obtain about the patient?
- A. Known allergies
- B. Recent hospitalizations
- C. Perception of the problem
- D. Family history
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the orientation phase, establishing trust and understanding the patient?s perspective is critical. The patient?s perception of the problem provides insight into their mental health needs and guides the therapeutic relationship. Allergies, hospitalizations, and family history are important but secondary in this initial phase.
A group of nursing students are preparing a class presentation on therapeutic and nontherapeutic techniques of communication. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they select which techniques to demonstrate as therapeutic? Select all that apply.
- A. Confrontation
- B. Open-ended statements
- C. Reflection
- D. Reassurance
- E. Agreement
- F. Challenges
Correct Answer: B,C
Rationale: Open-ended statements and reflection are therapeutic techniques, encouraging patient exploration and self-expression. Confrontation and challenges can be therapeutic in specific contexts but are often nontherapeutic if poorly timed. Reassurance and agreement risk dismissing patient concerns or aligning too closely, reducing therapeutic value.