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A group of students performed an experiment to test terminal velocity, which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object. The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the following data table?

  • A. The greater the number of filters, the smaller the terminal velocity.
  • B. Heavier objects take more time to reach terminal velocity.
  • C. Terminal Velocity is when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance.
  • D. Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct conclusion supported by the data is that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects. Heavier objects experience a greater gravitational force, causing them to fall faster. This aligns with the concept of terminal velocity, which is the maximum speed a falling object can reach when the force of gravity is balanced by air resistance. Due to the stronger pull of gravity on heavier objects, they can overcome air resistance more effectively and reach terminal velocity faster compared to lighter objects.

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Which of the following is an example of a biological macromolecule?

  • A. Monosaccharide
  • B. Protein
  • C. Nucleic acid
  • D. Amino acid
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Protein.' Proteins are biological macromolecules composed of amino acid chains. They play vital roles in cellular functions, including catalyzing reactions, providing structural support, and acting as signaling molecules. Monosaccharides are simple sugars, nucleic acids are genetic materials such as DNA and RNA, and amino acids are the fundamental units that make up proteins.

What is the primary function of centrosomes in animal cells?

  • A. Pathogen digestion
  • B. Cytoplasm formation
  • C. Organelle trafficking
  • D. Microtubule organization
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Centrosomes play a crucial role in animal cells by organizing microtubules. They act as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) and are essential for various cellular processes such as cell division, cell shape maintenance, and intracellular transport. Correctly organized microtubules are vital for maintaining cell structure and function, making option D, 'Microtubule organization,' the correct answer.

If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads 5' AGCTAGCGT 3', what would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read?

  • A. 3' AGCTAGCGT 5'
  • B. 5' UCGAUCGCA 3'
  • C. 3' TCGATCGCA 5'
  • D. 5' TCGUTCGCU 3'
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: To determine the sequence of bases on the complementary DNA strand, you must apply the base pairing rules: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). The given original sequence is 5' AGCTAGCGT 3'. Consequently, the complementary strand will read 3' TCGATCGCA 5'. Each base on one strand corresponds with its complementary base on the other strand, forming a sequence that complements the original one.

Which of the following describes a genetic mutation that results in uncontrolled division of a single cell within the body?

  • A. Gene therapy
  • B. Stem cell
  • C. Translai
  • D. Cancer
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Cancer. Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division caused by genetic mutations. These mutations disrupt normal cell growth regulation processes, leading to the development of malignant tumors. Gene therapy and stem cells are not related to genetic mutations causing uncontrolled cell division. 'Translai' is an irrelevant choice and does not pertain to the question.

Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?

  • A. Cells, tissues, atoms, organs
  • B. Atoms, cells, tissues, organs
  • C. Atoms, organs, tissues, cells
  • D. Organs, tissues, cells, atoms
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of structures from simple to complex is atoms, cells, tissues, and organs. Atoms are the fundamental units of matter. Cells are the basic units of life composed of atoms. Tissues are formed by groups of cells working together. Organs consist of different tissues functioning together for specific purposes. Therefore, the correct sequence goes from the simplest structure, atoms, to the most complex structure, organs.

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