Nokea
What summarizes a change that occurs as solids transition into liquids?
- A. Particles become less ordered
- B. Particles increase in mobility
- C. Particles move further apart
- D. Intermolecular forces between particles weaken
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. When solids transition into liquids, particles become less ordered. In a solid state, particles are arranged in a fixed, orderly pattern due to strong intermolecular forces. As the solid transitions into a liquid, these forces weaken, allowing the particles more freedom of movement. Consequently, the particles become less ordered in a liquid compared to a solid, where they have more mobility and are not bound in a fixed structure.
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Through which of the following transport mechanisms do water molecules enter cells?
- A. Facilitated diffusion
- B. Electrochemical gradients
- C. Gated channels
- D. Proton pumps
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Water molecules enter cells through facilitated diffusion. Facilitated diffusion is the passive movement of molecules across a cell membrane with the help of specific transport proteins. In the case of water, it moves through specialized channels called aquaporins using this mechanism, allowing it to cross the membrane more efficiently than by simple diffusion. While electrochemical gradients, gated channels, and proton pumps play roles in transporting other substances and ions, they are not directly involved in the transport of water molecules into cells.
In pea plants, green pod color (G)is dominant to yellow pod color (g). A cross was done between a plant with green pods and plant with yellow pods. Of the resulting offspring. 50% had green pods and 50% had yellow pods. Which of the following we the genotypes of both present plants?
- A. GG X GG
- B. Gg × gg
- C. Gg × gg
- D. Gg × Gg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The 50% green and 50% yellow offspring suggests that one parent was heterozygous (Gg) and the other was homozygous recessive (gg), leading to a 1:1 ratio of green to yellow.
Through which structure does blood exit the glomerulus?
- A. Distal tubule
- B. Proximal tubule
- C. Afferent arteriole
- D. Efferent arteriole
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the efferent arteriole. The efferent arteriole carries blood away from the glomerulus after filtration. Blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole for filtration. The proximal and distal tubules are involved in tubular reabsorption and secretion of substances after filtration occurs in the glomerulus. The efferent arteriole plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper flow of blood through the nephron and ensures that the filtered substances are carried away for further processing in the renal tubules.
Which of the following are the major parts of the nervous system?
- A. PNS and Somatic Nervous System
- B. Autonomic Nervous System and CNS
- C. PNS and CNS
- D. Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system comprises two major parts: the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Choice C (PNS and CNS) correctly identifies the primary divisions of the nervous system, encompassing both the peripheral and central components. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
What is the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?
- A. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.
- B. Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the protease that digests carbonates.
- C. Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis.
- D. Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the protease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas functions by neutralizing the acidity of chyme in the small intestine. This action helps to create a more alkaline environment, which is crucial for the activity of pancreatic enzymes and the absorption of nutrients. Option B is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate itself does not stimulate a protease to digest carbonates. Option C is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate does not inhibit peristalsis; instead, it aids in digestion. Option D is incorrect as sodium bicarbonate does not directly stimulate the protease but rather helps in maintaining the optimal pH for enzyme activity.