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A healthcare professional is assessing a child with suspected rotavirus infection. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare professional likely to observe?
- A. Abdominal pain
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Constipation
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diarrhea. Rotavirus infection commonly presents with symptoms such as watery diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain. However, diarrhea is the hallmark symptom of rotavirus infection, often leading to dehydration in children. Abdominal pain (choice A) can also be present but is not as specific to rotavirus infection as diarrhea. Constipation (choice C) is not a typical symptom of rotavirus infection. While vomiting (choice D) can occur in rotavirus infection, it is more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions.
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Why should the nurse closely monitor the IV flow rate for a 5-month-old infant with severe diarrhea receiving IV fluids?
- A. Maintaining electrolyte balance
- B. Preventing dehydration
- C. Preventing fluid overload
- D. Avoiding cardiac overload
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In infants, monitoring IV flow rates is essential to prevent fluid overload, not cardiac overload. Excessive fluid administration can lead to complications such as pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure. It is crucial to maintain a balance between providing adequate hydration and avoiding fluid overload to prevent adverse outcomes. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because the primary concern is to prevent complications related to excess fluid rather than focusing on electrolyte balance, dehydration prevention, or avoiding cardiac overload.
A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected pneumonia. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Cough
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Rash
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a child with suspected pneumonia, a healthcare provider is likely to observe a cough as a common clinical manifestation. Pneumonia often presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Choice B, diarrhea, is not typically associated with pneumonia. Choice C, rash, is not a common clinical manifestation of pneumonia. Choice D, vomiting, is also not a typical symptom of pneumonia. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Cough.
When a parent tells a nurse at the clinic, 'Each morning I offer my 24-month-old child juice, and all I hear is 'No.' What should I do because I know my child needs fluid?' What strategy should the nurse suggest?
- A. Offer the child a choice of two juices.
- B. Distract the child with a favorite food.
- C. Offer the child the glass in a firm manner.
- D. Allow the child to see the parent getting angry.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should suggest offering the child a choice of two juices. Giving the child a choice between two options empowers them to make a decision, fostering a sense of control, and increasing the likelihood of cooperation. This approach respects the child's autonomy while addressing the parent's concern about the child's fluid intake. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because distracting the child, offering the glass in a firm manner, or displaying anger are not effective strategies for encouraging a 24-month-old child to drink juice.
A child with a diagnosis of celiac disease is being discharged. What dietary instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Avoid dairy products
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Avoid high-fat foods
- D. Avoid foods high in sugar
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Avoid gluten.' Celiac disease is a condition in which the immune system reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Avoiding gluten is essential in managing celiac disease as it helps prevent damage to the small intestine and alleviate symptoms. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because dairy products, high-fat foods, and foods high in sugar do not directly relate to the management of celiac disease. It is crucial to focus on eliminating gluten-containing foods to effectively control the condition.
The healthcare professional is preparing a presentation to a local community group about genetic disorders and the types of congenital anomalies that can occur. What would the professional include as a major congenital anomaly?
- A. Overlapping digits
- B. Polydactyly
- C. Umbilical hernia
- D. Cleft palate
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cleft palate is considered a major congenital anomaly due to its significant impact on feeding, speech, and overall health. Overlapping digits (Option A) are a physical anomaly but not typically considered a major congenital anomaly. Polydactyly (Option B) refers to having extra fingers or toes, which is a congenital anomaly but not as major as a cleft palate. Umbilical hernia (Option C) involves a protrusion of abdominal contents through the umbilical ring but is not typically classified as a major congenital anomaly compared to cleft palate.