ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam

ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam Related

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A healthcare professional is assessing a client who is recovering from a lung biopsy. Which assessment finding requires immediate action?

  • A. Increased temperature
  • B. Absent breath sounds
  • C. Productive cough
  • D. Incisional discomfort
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Absent breath sounds. This finding requires immediate action because it could indicate a pneumothorax, which is a potentially life-threatening complication following a lung biopsy. Absent breath sounds suggest air trapped in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse. Immediate intervention is necessary to prevent respiratory distress.

A: Increased temperature is concerning but may indicate infection, which would require monitoring and possibly treatment, but it is not as urgent as addressing a potential pneumothorax.

C: Productive cough is common post-lung biopsy and may be managed symptomatically. It does not typically require immediate action.

D: Incisional discomfort is expected after a biopsy and can be managed with pain medication. It does not indicate a critical issue requiring immediate intervention.

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During a home visit to an older client living alone post-coronary artery bypass graft, what finding prompts the nurse to consider additional referrals?

  • A. Dirty carpets requiring vacuuming
  • B. Expired food found in the refrigerator
  • C. Outdated medications stored in the kitchen
  • D. Presence of multiple cats in the home
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (Expired food found in the refrigerator) because it poses a potential health risk to the client. Expired food can lead to foodborne illnesses, especially for an older adult post-surgery. Dirty carpets (choice A) may not directly impact the client's health. Outdated medications (choice C) can be addressed by the nurse without additional referrals. The presence of multiple cats (choice D) may be a concern for allergies or cleanliness, but it is not as urgent as expired food in terms of health risks.

A nurse is assessing a client with a history of seizures. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?

  • A. The client is experiencing an aura.
  • B. The client's antiseizure medication level is within the therapeutic range.
  • C. The client has been seizure-free for 2 years.
  • D. The client's seizure activity lasts longer than 5 minutes.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because prolonged seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes can lead to status epilepticus, a medical emergency that can cause brain damage or even death. Immediate intervention is necessary to stop the seizure activity. Auras (A) are warning signs of an impending seizure and do not require immediate intervention. Antiseizure medication within therapeutic range (B) indicates proper management. Being seizure-free for 2 years (C) is a positive outcome but does not require immediate intervention unless a seizure occurs.

A patient is receiving discharge instructions after experiencing a stroke. Which instruction is most important for preventing another stroke?

  • A. Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly.
  • B. Engage in physical therapy exercises.
  • C. Follow a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet.
  • D. Attend regular follow-up appointments with the healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Take prescribed antihypertensive medications regularly. This is the most important instruction for preventing another stroke because hypertension is a major risk factor for strokes. By controlling blood pressure with antihypertensive medications, the patient can significantly reduce the risk of another stroke. Engaging in physical therapy exercises (choice B) can be beneficial for overall recovery but is not as critical for stroke prevention as managing blood pressure. Following a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet (choice C) is important for heart health but not the most crucial for stroke prevention. Attending regular follow-up appointments (choice D) is essential for monitoring progress and adjusting treatment but does not directly prevent another stroke like managing hypertension does.

To attain the goal of ambulation for the patient who is hemiplegic, the initial care plan needs to be structured to first attain

  • A. acceptance of his altered body image
  • B. balance training
  • C. adequate energy level
  • D. ability to transfer from bed to chair
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The ability to transfer from bed to chair is a critical first step in preparing a hemiplegic patient for ambulation. This foundational skill builds confidence and strength before progressing to balance training or walking.

During an acute asthma attack in a client with asthma, what medication should the nurse administer first?

  • A. Oral corticosteroids
  • B. Short-acting beta agonist
  • C. Leukotriene receptor antagonist
  • D. Long-acting beta agonist
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Short-acting beta agonist. During an acute asthma attack, the priority is to quickly relieve bronchoconstriction and improve airflow. Short-acting beta agonists like albuterol are the first-line medications for acute asthma exacerbations as they act rapidly to relax smooth muscles in the airways, providing immediate relief of symptoms. Oral corticosteroids (A) are important for long-term management but do not provide immediate relief. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (C) and long-acting beta agonists (D) are not appropriate for acute asthma attacks as they have slower onset of action and are used for maintenance therapy.

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