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How does the pain of a myocardial infarction (MI) differ from stable angina?
- A. Accompanied by shortness of breath
- B. Feelings of fear or anxiety
- C. Lasts about 3-5 minutes
- D. Relieved by taking nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, as the pain of MI is often accompanied by shortness of breath due to decreased oxygen supply to the heart muscle, whereas stable angina typically does not present with this symptom. Shortness of breath in MI is due to the heart's inability to pump effectively. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because feelings of fear or anxiety, duration of pain, and response to nitroglycerin are not definitive differentiating factors between MI and stable angina.
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Paralytic ileus may occur as a postoperative complication. Which of the following patients would cause you the greatest concern about the development of paralytic ileus?
- A. Kim, a 27-year-old postlaparoscopic appendectomy.
- B. Joyce, a 39-year-old post–open right hemicolectomy.
- C. Nancy, a 56-year-old postmediastinoscopy.
- D. John, a 47-year-old post–total joint replacement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Open abdominal surgeries increase the risk of paralytic ileus.
4. What is the focus of the integrative model of health care?
- A. Costs paid by insurance
- B. Treatment of symptoms
- C. Mind-body-spirit connections
- D. Care directed by nurse practitioners
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The integrative model emphasizes holistic care, focusing on the mind-body-spirit connections rather than just treating symptoms or relying solely on conventional treatments.
When assessing a client with anxiety disorder, what does the nurse observe for evidence of various levels of anxiety?
- A. Absence of crying
- B. Talking excessively
- C. Being motionless
- D. Not complaining
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Excessive talking may indicate heightened anxiety as the client attempts to distract themselves from their worries.
Mary tells you that she has an undiagnosed case of hypothyroidism. What symptoms would you expect her to present?
- A. Polydipsia and polyphagia.
- B. Fatigue and cold intolerance.
- C. Weight loss and hyperglycemia.
- D. Tachycardia and diarrhea.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypothyroidism causes fatigue, cold intolerance, and other symptoms of low metabolism.
During a preoperative review of systems, the patient reveals a history of renal disease. This finding suggests the need for which preoperative diagnostic tests?
- A. ECG and chest x-ray
- B. Serum glucose and CBC
- C. ABGs and coagulation tests
- D. BUN, serum creatinine, and electrolytes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal disease necessitates evaluating kidney function through tests like BUN, serum creatinine, and electrolytes.