Nokea
A man‘s blood type is AB and he requires a blood transfusion. To prevent complications of blood incompatibilities, which blood type may the client receive?
- A. Type A or B blood only
- B. Type O blood only
- C. Type AB blood only
- D. Either type A, B, AB, or O blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As the man's blood type is AB, he can only receive blood from donors with type AB blood. This is because individuals with type AB blood are universal recipients, meaning they can safely receive blood from any blood type without risking complications. Blood types A, B, and O all contain antigens that could cause a reaction if transfused into someone with type AB blood. Therefore, to prevent any complications of blood incompatibility, the client in this case should only receive blood with type AB.
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A 2-mo-old male infant has a left flank mass discovered incidentally by the mother; radiological imaging reveals a left renal mass. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
- A. nephroblastoma
- B. neuroblastoma
- C. mesoblastic nephroma
- D. clear cell sarcoma
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) is the most common renal malignancy in infants.
A patient is being given Digoxin to treat heart failure. Which of the ff. is a usual adult daily dosage of digoxin (Lanoxin)?
- A. 0.005 mg
- B. 0.025 mg
- C. 0.25 mg
- D. 2.5 mg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The usual adult daily dosage of digoxin (Lanoxin) for the treatment of heart failure typically ranges from 0.125 mg to 0.25 mg. The maintenance dose is specific to each individual patient's needs and is adjusted based on factors such as age, weight, renal function, and the presence of other medical conditions. The dosage prescribed should be carefully determined by a healthcare provider to ensure optimal therapeutic effects and minimize the risk of side effects associated with digoxin. Dosages higher than 0.25 mg are usually not recommended due to the narrow therapeutic index of digoxin. It is essential for patients taking digoxin to have their drug levels monitored regularly to prevent toxicity.
A spica cast was put on Baby Betty after an unfortunate incident to immobilize her hips and thighs; which of the following is the priority nursing action immediately after application?
- A. Keep the cast dry and clean.
- B. Cover the perineal area.
- C. Elevate the cast.
- D. Perform neurovascular checks.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Performing neurovascular checks is the priority nursing action immediately after applying a spica cast on Baby Betty. A spica cast is used to immobilize the hips and thighs, which can affect circulation and nerve function in the lower extremities. Neurovascular checks involve assessing the circulation, sensation, and movement of the affected limb to ensure there are no signs of impaired circulation or nerve damage. It is crucial to monitor for any signs of compartment syndrome, such as pain, numbness, tingling, or decreased pulse, which could indicate a vascular compromise. Timely identification of any neurovascular compromise is essential to prevent complications and ensure the baby's safety and well-being.
The nurse is interviewing the mother of an infant. She reports, "I had a difficult delivery, and my baby was born preterm." This information should be recorded under which of the following headings?
- A. Past history
- B. Present illness
- C. Chief complaint
- D. Review of systems
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The information given by the mother about having a difficult delivery and her baby being born preterm is considered part of the past medical history. Past medical history includes previous medical conditions, surgeries, hospitalizations, and significant events related to the patient's health before the current encounter. This information helps healthcare providers understand the patient's background and any potential risks or complications relevant to their current health condition.
During the routine exam of an infant the parents state a 5th degree family history of adenomatous polyposis. The statement that should be included during the discussion is the infant is at increased risk of colonic adenocarcinoma
- A. the infant is at increased risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia
- B. the infant is at increased risk of intestinal Burkitt lymphoma
- C. the infant is at increased risk of hepatoblastoma
- D. the infant is at increased risk of germ cell tumor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Familial adenomatous polyposis significantly increases the risk of developing colorectal cancer.