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A healthy 20-day-old male examination reveals a palpable liver margin below the right costal margin; lab findings: white blood count, 18700/mm3; hemoglobin, 8.8 g/dl; blast cells, 10%; the BEST approach for the management is consistent with acute myeloproliferative disorder
- A. intensive chemotherapy
- B. low dose chemotherapy pulses
- C. bone marrow transplantation
- D. close follow up
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intensive chemotherapy is the standard approach for managing acute myeloproliferative disorders.
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The nurse is teaching a group of women to perform breast self-examination. The nurse should explain that the purpose of performing the examination is to discover:
- A. Cancerous lumps.
- B. Changes from previous self-examinations.
- C. Areas of thickness or fullness.
- D. Fibrocystic masses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary purpose of performing breast self-examination is to detect any abnormal changes in the breast tissue, including the presence of cancerous lumps. By regularly examining their breasts, women can become familiar with the normal look and feel of their breasts, making it easier to identify any new lumps or other changes that may indicate a potential problem, such as breast cancer. Detecting cancerous lumps early through self-examination can lead to early detection and improved treatment outcomes. It is important for women to perform breast self-examinations regularly and report any concerning findings to their healthcare provider for further evaluation.
Which of the ff is the best dietary advice to maximize the immune function in healthy people?
- A. Include immune enhancing formulas
- B. Avoid polyunsaturated fatty acids
- C. Increase intake of essential fatty acids and omega 3 fatty acids
- D. Follow a balanced and varied diet CARING FOR CLIENT WITH IMMUNE MEDIATED DISORDERS
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Following a balanced and varied diet is the best dietary advice to maximize immune function in healthy individuals. A balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-dense foods provides the necessary vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and macronutrients to support overall health and immune function. This approach ensures that the body receives a wide range of nutrients that are essential for optimal immune system functioning.
Pulmonary edema is characterized by:
- A. Elevated left ventricular and-diastolic
- B. Increased hydrostatic pressure
- C. All of the above alterations
- D. A rise in pulmonary venous pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary edema is characterized by increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries and a rise in pulmonary venous pressure, which leads to fluid leaking out of the pulmonary capillaries and into the alveoli. This results in elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, which is a key characteristic of pulmonary edema. Therefore, all of the above alterations (increased hydrostatic pressure, a rise in pulmonary venous pressure, and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) are seen in pulmonary edema.
The nurse is teaching nursing students about childhood skin lesions. Which is an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid?
- A. Cyst
- B. Papule
- C. Pustule
- D. Vesicle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A vesicle is an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid. Serous fluid is a clear, watery fluid that can accumulate within the vesicle. Vesicles are commonly seen in conditions such as herpes simplex virus infections (cold sores) and contact dermatitis. It is important for nursing students to understand the characteristics of different skin lesions to accurately assess and provide appropriate care for patients.
In JRA, the autoimmune reaction primarily occurs in the:
- A. joint tendons.
- B. cartilage.
- C. synovial tissue.
- D. interstitial space.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA), which is now referred to as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), the autoimmune reaction primarily occurs in the synovial tissue of the joints. The synovial tissue lines the inside of the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid, which helps to lubricate and nourish the joint. In JIA, the immune system mistakenly targets the synovial tissue, leading to inflammation, pain, and damage to the joints. This inflammatory process can result in swelling, warmth, stiffness, and eventual joint destruction if left untreated. Therefore, the synovial tissue is the primary site of the autoimmune reaction in JRA/JIA.